Home range sizes of Golden Eagles, by age class and averaged across both sexes, from different studies across the world.
Data collection frequencies vary dramatically, from one location every 15 minutes to a set of locations collected every 3-4/days per month. Estimators and data collection approaches vary from study to study, several studies report multiple estimators, we provide here only one per study. Abbreviations for home range estimators are, in order of appearance in the table, kernel density estimator (KDE), adaptive localized convex hull (aLoCoH), minimum concave polygon (MCcP), and minimum convex polygon (MCvP). Dashed lines indicate that the home range estimator is not clearly described.
Age
Region
Estimator
Season
Mean (km2)
Range (km2)
Source
Adult
Alaska
KDE
Breeding
1,409
7 – 29,267
Booms et al, unpublished
Mojave Desert, California
aLoCoH
Monthly
308
4.5 – 3,547
165
Braham, M., T. Miller, A. E. Duerr, M. Lanzone, A. Fesnock, L. LaPre, D. Driscoll, and T. Katzner (2015). Home in the heat: Dramatic seasonal variation in home range of desert Golden Eagles informs management for renewable energy development. Biological Conservation 186: 225–232.
Tehachapi, California
aLoCoH
Monthly
104
3 - 650
103
Poessel, S. A., P. H. Bloom, M. A. Braham, and T. E. Katzner (2016). Age- and season-specific variation in local and long-distance movement behavior of Golden Eagles. European Journal of Wildlife Research 62: 377–393.
Eastern North America
aLoCoH
Breeding
2,758
37 – 14,625
144
Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719.
Non-breeding
1,499
44 – 9,341
144
Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719.
SW Idaho
MCcP
Breeding
23
2 – 83
176
Marzluff, J. M., S. T. Knick, M. S. Vekasy, L. S. Schueck, and T. J. Zarriello (1997). Spatial use and habitat selection of Golden Eagles in southwestern Idaho. Auk 114(4): 673–687.
Non-breeding
305
14 – 1,700
176
Marzluff, J. M., S. T. Knick, M. S. Vekasy, L. S. Schueck, and T. J. Zarriello (1997). Spatial use and habitat selection of Golden Eagles in southwestern Idaho. Auk 114(4): 673–687.
--
Breeding
29
5 – 49
306
Dunstan, T. C., J. H. Harper, and K. B. Phipps (1978). Habitat use and hunting strategies of Prairie Falcons, Red-tailed Hawks, and Golden Eagles. Report submitted to Bureau of Land Management, Denver, CO, USA.
Non-breeding
9
3 – 17
306
Dunstan, T. C., J. H. Harper, and K. B. Phipps (1978). Habitat use and hunting strategies of Prairie Falcons, Red-tailed Hawks, and Golden Eagles. Report submitted to Bureau of Land Management, Denver, CO, USA.
--
Breeding
44
--
Schueck unpublished
Non-breeding
248
--
Schueck unpublished
Columbia Basin
BBMM
Breeding
42
--
407
Watson, J. W., A. A. Duff, and R. W. Davies (2014). Home range and resource selection by GPS-monitored adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for wind power development. Journal of Wildlife Management 78: 1012–1021.
Non-breeding
87
--
407
Watson, J. W., A. A. Duff, and R. W. Davies (2014). Home range and resource selection by GPS-monitored adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for wind power development. Journal of Wildlife Management 78: 1012–1021.
Wyoming
--
Breeding
24
--
581
Platt, S. W. (1984). Energy development and raptor populations on and adjacent to the Black Butte Coal Co. mine permit area. Point of Rocks, WY: Black Butte Coal Co.
Non-breeding
14
--
581
Platt, S. W. (1984). Energy development and raptor populations on and adjacent to the Black Butte Coal Co. mine permit area. Point of Rocks, WY: Black Butte Coal Co.
Western North America
MCvP
Non-breeding
12,693
814 – 46,648
301
Domenech, R., T. Pitz, K. Gray, and M. Smith (2015). Estimating natal origins of migratory juvenile Golden Eagles using stable hydrogen isotopes. Journal of Raptor Research 49(3): 308–315.
Sweden
KDE
Breeding
245
70 – 580
445
Moss, E. H., T. Hipkiss, F. Ecke, H. Dettki, P. Sandström, P. H. Bloom, J. W. Kidd, S. E. Thomas, and B. Hörnfeldt (2014). Home-range size and examples of post-nesting movements for adult Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in boreal Sweden. Journal of Raptor Research 48(2): 93–105.
Finland
MCvP
Breeding
297
154 – 783
754
Tikkanen, H., S. Rytkönen, O. P. Karlin, T. Ollila, V. M. Pakanen, H. Tuohimaa, and M. Orell (2018). Modelling golden eagle habitat selection and flight activity in their home ranges for safer wind farm planning. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 71: 120–131
Ethiopia
Spot mapping
Breeding
4
2 – 9
755
Clouet, M., C. Barrau, and J.-L. Goar (1999). The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Balé Mountains, Ethiopia. Journal of Raptor Research 33(2):102–109.
Scotland
MCvP
Breeding
74
39.7 – 128
756
McGrady, J. J., J. R. Grant, I. P. Bainbridge, and D. R. A. McLeod (2002). A model of golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) ranging behavior. Journal of Raptor Research 36: 62–69
Scotland
Spot mapping
Breeding
30
16 – 47
757
Fielding, A. H., and P. F. Haworth (1995). Testing the generality of bird‐habitat models. Conservation Biology 9(6): 1466–1481
Subadult
Alaska
KDE
Breeding
4,184
22 – 16,473
Booms et al, unpublished
Tehachapi, California
aLoCoH
Monthly
408
6 – 1,501
103
Poessel, S. A., P. H. Bloom, M. A. Braham, and T. E. Katzner (2016). Age- and season-specific variation in local and long-distance movement behavior of Golden Eagles. European Journal of Wildlife Research 62: 377–393.
Eastern North America
aLoCoH
Breeding
9,361
68 – 110,446
144
Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719.
Non-breeding
2,874
51 – 27,429
144
Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719.
Juvenile
Eastern North America
aLoCoH
Breeding
4,483
126 – 16,910
144
Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719.
Non-breeding
3,750
97 – 27,970
144
Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719.
Tehachapi, California
aLoCoH
Monthly
45
3 - 86
103
Poessel, S. A., P. H. Bloom, M. A. Braham, and T. E. Katzner (2016). Age- and season-specific variation in local and long-distance movement behavior of Golden Eagles. European Journal of Wildlife Research 62: 377–393.
Southwestern North America
MCvP
Nov-April
2,304
--
104
Murphy, R. K., J. R. Dunk, B. Woodbridge, D. W. Stahlecker, D. W. LaPlante, B. A. Millsap, and K. V. Jacobson (2017). First-year dispersal of Golden Eagles from natal areas in the southwestern United States and implications for second-year settling. Journal of Raptor Research 51(3): 216–233.
Western North America
KDE
Non-breeding
25,257
4,429 – 69,478
758
Paulson, M. D. (2017). Space use and habitat associations of long-distance migratory first-year golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from interior Alaska in a changing landscape. M.S. thesis, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Sweden
MCvP
Post-fledging
41
3 - 96
579
Sandgren, C., T. Hipkiss, H. Dettki, F. Ecke, and B. Hörnfeldt (2014). Habitat use and ranging behaviour of juvenile Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos within natal home ranges in boreal Sweden. Bird Study 61(1): 9–16.