Diet of Common Murres in Chukchi andd Bering seas, and Gulf of Alaska.
Region
Chuckchi Sea
Bering Strait
Eastern Bering Sea
Aleutian Islands
Gulf of Alaska
Cape Lisburne
Cape Thompson
St. Lawrence
Bluff
St. Matthew
St. Paul
St. George
Aiktak I.
Bogoslof I.
Agattu I.
Buldir I.
Chisik I.
Kodiak I.
Barrens I.
Gull I.
Chowiet
Triangle I., British Columbia
Teuri I., Japan
1977–1998
1976–1995
1981
1978–2002
1982-1996
1976–2010
1975–2008
1976–2010
1977–2005
1983–1998
1991–2000
1988–1989
1988–1989
1995–1999
1977–1978
1995–2012
1995–1998
1995–1999
1998–2006
2003–2006
2011–2014
adulta
adulta
adultb
adultd,g
adultd,g
chickc,g
adultc,g
chickc,g
adultg
adultg
adultg
adulti
adulti
adulte,g
adultf winter
chickg
adultg
chickg
chickg
chickh
chickj
Fish
Pollock
42
49
78
10
49
64
35
5
7
20
2
43
8
2
Polar/Saffron cod
39
56
35
45
Sculpins
<1
5
16
<1
Sandlance
31
17
37
36
11
11
2
18
8
85
51
49
<1
5
20
38
15
39
41
Herring
4
12
7
Capelin
5
12
4
1
<1
9
9
13
<1
83
29
30
60
Pleuronectids
6
<1
4
Cottids
9
8
1
<1
3
6
12
Rockfish
<1
36
Other fish
1
3
8
15
25
27
10
57
14
9
4
8
2
8
22
14
25
40
Invertebrates
8
1
1
32
6
27
1
36
5
8
Shrimp
95
Amphipods
Euphausiids
7
Cephalopods
2
5
13
3
14
10
35
<1
Percent of diet by number, except for references f and i (percent biomass)
a647
Springer, A. M., D. G. Roseneau, E. C. Murphy and M. I. Springer. (1984). Environmental controls of marine food webs: food habits of seabirds in the eastern Chukchi Sea. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41:1.
b136
Springer, A. M., E. C. Murphy, D. G. Roseneau, C. P. McRoy, and B. A. Cooper (1987). The paradox of pelagic food webs in the northern Bering Sea. 1. Seabird food habits. Continental Shelf Research 7(8):575-599.
c648
Hunt, Jr., G. L., B. Burgeson, and G. A. Sanger (1981). Feeding ecology of seabirds in the eastern Bering Sea. In The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf: Oceanography and Resources (D. W. Hood and J. A. Calder, Editors), University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA, USA. pp. 629-648.
d649
Springer, A. M., D. G. Roseneau, D. S. Lloyd, C. P. McRoy and E. C. Murphy. (1986). Seabird responses to fluctuating prey availability in the eastern Bering Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 32:1-12.
e125
Sanger, G. A., V. F. Hironaka, and A. K. Fukuyama (1978). The feeding ecology and trophic relationships of key species of marine birds in the Kodiak Island area, May-September 1977. U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, USA.
f650
Sanger, G. A. (1987). Winter diets of Common Murres and Marbled Murrelets in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Condor 89:426-430.
g651
Drummond, B. A. (2016) Summary figures of diet data from birds on the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, Annual Report 2016/06. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Homer, AK, USA.
h37
Hipfner, J. M., and J. L. Greenwood (2008). Breeding biology of the Common Murre at Triangle Island, British Columbia, Canada, 2002-2007. Northwestern Naturalist 89:76-84.
i240
Springer, A. M., J. F. Piatt, and G. van Vliet (1996). Sea birds as proxies of marine habitats and food webs in the western Aleutian Arctic. Fisheries and Oceanography 5:45-55.