Evidence of polygyny in Oenanthe oenanthe leucorhoa. For each case, date of first observation is the date the nest was discovered. Unpublished data from Iqaluit, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada (DJTH). Records archived at Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.

Case 1 (2009): nests 541 m apart.

Date (2009) Nest #3. Estimated date of first egg: June 10-14  Nest #7. Estimated date of first egg: 23 June
       Male: ASY, band #2291-00207,  color bands RA/BO      Male: ASY, band #2291-00207, color bands RA/BO
       Female:  AHY, band #2291-00208, color bands GA/GR     Female: AHY, band #2291-00229, color bands GA/BR
2 July Male and female both delivering food  
3 July Male and female both seen nearby  
6 July Male and female captured and banded  
8 July 6 young banded. Female feeding; male nearby but no feeds  
10 July   Female delivering food. Banded male (no ID possible) brought food but did not enter
12 July Female visiting  Male seen at nest; identified as RA/BO
13 July Female visiting. Droppings at nest entrance Female trapped and banded
15 July 5 yg fledged; being fed by both banded parents  
16 & 20 July   Male RA/BO confirmed visiting
24 July 2 banded young seen ca. 800 m away were likely from this nest  Many female visits and a few by male
26 July   Young come out of nest for short periods
31 July Female GA/GR near nest site (no tail; molting)  

Case 2 (2011): nests 480 m apart.

Date (2011) Nest #12. Estimated date of first egg: June 22 Nest #28. No estimate for date of first egg
       Male: ASY band #2541-92248, color bands A/GnO      Male: ASY band #2541-92248, color bands A/GnO
       Female: AHY band #2541-92248, color bands  A/GnBk      Female: AHY band #2541-92219, color bands  A/GnBu
29 June Unbanded female entered; no food. Probably incubating  
7 July No activity during brief check Unbanded male & female delivering food
8 July   Male and female trapped and banded
9 July     Both adults present
10 July Estimated date of 1st hatch. Female brooding. Male A/GnO came with food  
13 July Unbanded female visiting regularly. In 1.25 hrs observation, male A/GnO brought food at 1012, 1037, 1106 & 1120. Female then trapped and banded; young weighed Female seen with food, near 4 fledglings ca 50 m from nest.  Male A/GnO seen here at approx. 1015, 1025 & 1035
15 July Nest dug out, probably by fox. 1 dead yg remaining. Female  A/GnBk spotted briefly No activity at nest site
     
16 & 18 July   Female A/GnBu seen c. 1 km from nest site with at least 2 fledglings

Case 3 (2011): nests 435 m apart.

Date (2011) Nest #34. Estimated date of first egg: June 16 Nest #43. Estimated date of first egg: June 19
       Male: SY, band #2541-92225, color bands A/GnGn      Male: SY, band #2541-92225, color bands A/GnGn
       Female: AHY, band #2541-92227, color bands  A/GnW      Female: AHY, band #2541-92251, color bands A/BuR
9 July Unbanded male & female delivering food  
10 July Both adults captured and banded. 4 of 9 young banded (estimated hatch date 4 July)  
     
13 July All young found dead. No evidence of predation  
15 July   Unbanded female delivering food. Male A/GnGn giving alarm calls
16 July   Unbanded female and male A/GnGn both making frequent food deliveries
18, 19, 20 & 22 July   Unbanded female and A/GnGn both delivering food. On 22 July, droppings seen near nest entrance, but not outside
26 July   Both adults present. Two young came outside and moved to nearby crevice. Adult behavior suggests other young out of nest.  Female finally captured and banded.