Distribution

Montezuma Oropendola is resident from southeastern Mexico (north to southeastern San Luis Potosí) to central Panama (east to the Canal Zone) (Ridgely and Gwynne 1989, Howell and Webb 1995, Jaramillo and Burke 1999). It primarily occurs on the Caribbean slope (although not on the Yucatan Peninsula), but also is present on the Pacific slope of Nicaragua, and, locally, of Honduras and northwestern Costa Rica (Stiles and Skuth 1989, Jaramillo and Burke 1999, Martínez-Sánchez and Will 2010, Gallardo 2014).

Montezuma Oropendola primarily occurs in the lowlands, from sea level up to 1000 m in Mexico (Howell and Webb 1995) and to 1500 m in Costa Rica (Stiles and Skutch 1989).

Endemic to the Americas.

Montezuma Oropendola occupies the canopy of lowland evergreen forest and forest edges, as well as plantations such as of banana, cacao, or shade coffee (Jaramillo and Burke 1999). It generally does not occur in the interior of the forest, however, but instead prefers clearings and forest edges (Loiselle 1998, Jaramillo and Burke 1999). Montezuma Oropendolas nest in the canopy of large isolated trees, e.g., Silk Cotton Ceiba pentandra.

None reported.

None reported.