Saffron-billed Sparrow Arremon flavirostris

Saffron-billed Sparrow is the southernmost representative of the genus Arremon, ranging from northwestern Bolivia and the interior of south central Brazil south to northern Argentina. This is a locally common but unobtrusive resident in the undergrowth of deciduous woodland, both in arid and humid regions. Its plumage is similar to that of other Arremon sparrows. Males have the head black, with a white postocular supercilium; the throat also is white, bordered below by a black collar. The rest of the underparts are whitish with grayish flanks, and the upperparts are mainly olive green or grayish, depending on subspecies (of which four are recognized). The bill is mostly orange yellow; this helps to distinguish it from the black-billed Pectoral Sparrow (Arremon taciturnus) of Amazonia, the distribution of which closely approaches that of Saffron-billed Sparrow in parts of Bolivia and eastern Brazil. Female Saffron-billed Sparrows are similar to male, differing only in being generally duller and washed buffy below.