The Key to Scientific Names
- ALOPOCHEN
(Anatidae; Ϯ Egyptian Goose A. aegyptiaca) Gr. αλωπος alōpos fox-like < αλωπηξ alōpēx, αλωπεκος alōpekos fox; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose. The Egyptian Goose was known as χηναλωπηξ khēnalōpēx fox-goose, to the ancient Greeks, from the colour of its plumage and ability to protect its goslings from foxes (although the name could equally apply to the Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea); "Another African form of the same family is the well-known Egyptian or Nile goose (Alopochen ægyptiaca). It is often found figured on the Egyptian monuments, and was known to the ancient Greeks, who called it 'chenalopex,' or fox-goose, either because it breeds in burrows, or on account of its color, which is more or less rusty, especially round the eyes, neck, tertials, and a spot on the breast. ... The Egyptian goose has no close ally in the Old World, and it is a somewhat extraordinary fact that the Orinoco goose (Alopochen jubata), brown, with green wings and white wing speculum, head, and neck, and with a slight nuchal crest or 'mane,' which inhabits northeastern South America, seems to be congeneric with it." (Stejneger 1885); "Alopochen Stejneger, Standard Nat. Hist., 4, 1885, p. 141. Type, by subsequent designation, Anas ægyptiaca Linné. (Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 8, 1918, p. 572.)" (Peters, 1931, I, p. 154). Richmond, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV (1267), List of Generic Terms 1890-1900, p. 666, treats Alopochen as a new name for Chenalopex Stephens, 1824, not of Dumont, 1817.
Synon. Chenalopex, Mascarenachen, Tadorna.- Andichenodes
(Anatidae; syn. Oressochen † Andean Goose O. melanopterus) Mod. L. Andium Andes; Gr. χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; -οιδης -oidēs resembling; "Die Andengans, bisher als Chloephaga melanoptera (EYTON) bekannt, weicht von den Arten dieser Gattung nicht nur durch gedrungeneren Schnabel, massigeren Körperbau, die auffallend rote Färbung von Schnabel und Füßen, schwarze, metallisch grün schimmernde Schulterfedern und violettroten, nicht erzgrünen Metallglanz des Spiegels, sondern besonders durch das Gehabe,die Art des Laufens mit stark zurückgelehntem Hals und an den Hals angedrücktem Kinn, vorgewölbter Brust und gesträubtem Gefieder und das Triumphgehabe ab, bei dem der Hals abwechselnd bis zum Boden vor- und abwärts gestreckt, und dann wieder rückwärts über den Rücken geworfen wird, wobei Scheitel und Hinterhals den Rücken berühren. In diesen ethologischen Eigenheiten nähert sich die Andengans auffallend der Orinokogans, Neochen jubatus und muß daher in einer eigenen, intermediär zwischen Neochen und Chloephaga stehenden Gattung abgetrennt werden, die ich Andichenodes. gen. nov. nenne. (Genotyp: Anser melanopterus EYTON, Monog. Anat., 1838, S. 93, Titikakasee)" (von Boetticher 1950) (Laurent Raty in litt.); "Andichenodes von Boetticher in Wolters and von Boetticher, 1950, Beiträge zur Gattungssystematik der Vögel, II, System Enten u. Gänsevogel, p. 43 Type, by original designation, Anser melanopterus Eyton, 1838." (JAJ 2020).
- ayacuchensis
- Ayacucho, Peru.
- balchaschensis
Lake Balkhash or Balqash, south-eastern Kazakhstan (Laurent Raty in litt.).
- Bichenoa
(Estrildidae; syn. Stizoptera † Double-barred Finch S. bichenovii) James Ebenezer Bicheno (1785-1851) English barrister, Secretary of the Linnean Society of London 1825-1832, Colonial Secretary for Tasmania 1842-1851, botanist; "Stictoptera Reichenbach (Singv. p. 31, 1861) is preoccupied by Stictoptera Guénée (Noct. iii. p. 51, 1852), a genus used for Lepidoptera, Fam. Noctuidæ. To replace it I propose the name Bichenoa, with type species bichenovii (Vig. & Horsf.) from Australia. The genus also includes B. annulosa (Gould), from N. & N.W. Australia. Mr. J. E. Bicheno was Secretary of the Linnean Society of London from 1825 to 1832. Vigors and Horsfield in describing bichenovii dedicate it to him thus: "In honorem viri nobis amicissimi JACOBI E. BICHENO, Armigeri, Linneanæ Societatis SECRETARII, Zoologiæ studiosissimi, hæc species perpulchra nominatur." (Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. 1827, vol. xv. p. 258.) One may hope perhaps, therefore, that the commemoration of Mr. Bicheno's name in this additional manner would have found favour with the original authors of the species." (Moulton 1923); "Bichenoa Moulton, 1923, Ibis, p. 728. New name for Stictoptera Reichenbach, 1862, not of Guénée, 1852 (Lepidoptera)." (JAJ 2021).
- bichenoii / bichenovii
James Ebenezer Bicheno (1785-1851) English barrister, Colonial Secretary for Tasmania 1842-1851, botanist (Stizoptera).
- bineschensis
Binescho, Kaffa, south-western Abyssinia / Binesho, Ethiopia.
- buchenorum
Walther Buchen (1886-1961) US businessman, collector in East Africa, Trustee of Chicago Natural History Mus., and his wife Margaret L. Buchen née Head (1890-1971) (subsp. Cinnyris souimanga).
- calauchenia
Gr. καλος kalos beautiful; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck, throat.
- callauchen
Gr. καλλος kallos beauty < καλος kalos beautiful; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck, throat.
- Callichen
(Anatidae; syn. Netta † Red-crested Pochard N. rufina) Gr. καλλος kallos beauty < καλος kalos beautiful; khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; "Kolbenente. Callichen *), Br. ... *) Von καλος, schön und χην, Gans, Ente. ... Die rothköpfige Kolbenente. Callichen ruficeps, Br. (Platypus rufinus, Br., Anas rufina, Pall. N.W. 1. Ausg. Taf. 32, 63. 64.)" (C. Brehm 1830); "Callichen Brehm, Isis, 1830, col. 999—type, by monotypy, Callichen ruficeps "Brehm" = Anas rufina Pallas." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (2), p. 365).
- camtschatcae / camtschatchensis / camtschatica / camtschaticus / camtschatkensis
Kamchatka, Siberia.
● ex “Kamtschatka Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Calliope calliope).
● Erroneous TL. "Kamtschatka" (= Princes I. Java); ex “Long-billed Warbler” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Orthotomus sepium) (so identified by Stresemann 1950).- chalcauchenia
Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze; αυχενιος aukhenios of the neck < αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck.
● ex “Paloma parda tapadas roxas” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 320 (syn. Leptotila verreauxi chlorauchenia).- CHELYCHELYNECHEN
‡ (Anatidae; † Turtle-jawed Goose C. quassus) Gr. χελυς khelus turtle; χελυνη khelunē lip, jaw < χειλος kheilos lip; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; the flightless Turtle-jawed Goose is known only from subfossil remains found on Kaua'i in the Hawaiian Is.; "Chelychelynechen, new genus Type species: Chelychelynechen quassus, new species. ... Etymology: "Turtle-jawed goose," from Greek, chelys, turtle, chelyne lip, jaw, and chen, goose; so named for the decidedly chelonian aspect of the rostrum and mandible. The gender is masculine." (Olson & James 1991); "Chelychelynechen Olson and James, 1991, AOU Orn. Monographs, 45, p. 32. Type, by original designation, Chelychelynechen quassus Olson and James, 1991." (JAJ 2020).
- Chen
(Anatidae; syn. Anser † Snow Goose A. caerulescens) Gr. χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; the Greeks applied this word to both wild and domesticated geese, the latter being kept for their meat, eggs and feathers, as farmyard guards, even as pets; "72. Familie Gänse, Anser. ... 148. Gattung. Chen. 376. hyperborea." (Boie 1822); "Chen, Boie, 1822, Isis von Oken, col. 563. Type, by monotypy, Anser hyperboreus Pallas, 1769 = Anas caerulescens Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2020).
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Chenalopen (See: Chenalopex)
Chenalopex L. chenalopex, chenalopeces fox-goose < Gr. χηναλωπηξ khēnalōpēx, χηναλωπεκος khēnalōpekos fox-goose, generally identified as the Egyptian Goose < χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; αλωπηξ alōpēx, αλωπεκος alōpekos fox. "Chenalopex, = Anas ægyptiaca Gm., antiquitati bene cognita, ab Aristotele et Ornithologis plerisque antiquis memoratur. Nomen igitur hoc sensu adhibendum, etsi a Moehringio pessime Alcæ impenni datum; qui mos, nostris temporibus, a multis acceptus est" (Sundevall 1873).
● (Anatidae; syn. Alopochen † Egyptian Goose A. aegyptiaca) "CHENALOPEX. SPURWING. ... CHENALOPEX Antiquorum. ... According to Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, the Spur-wing is the Chenalopex, or Vulpanser of the ancients, which was revered by the Egyptians from the great attachment it has for its young; I have therefore applied that name to the genus. ... EGYPTIAN SPURWING. (Chenalopex Ægyptiaca.)" (Stephens 1824); "Chenalopex Stephens, 1824, General Zoology (ed. Shaw), XII (II), p. 40. Type, by monotypy, Chenalopex aegyptiaca, i.e. Anas aegyptiaca Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Chenelopex, Chenalopen.
● ‡ (Alcidae; syn. Pinguinus † Great Auk P. impennis) "IN bigness it comes near to a tame Goose.” (Ray 1678); “68. CHENALOPEX. Anser Magellanicus & Pinguin. CLVS., WORM., RAI., WILL. Orn. 242. Alcæ species. LINN. ed. 6. gen. 52.” (Moehring, 1752, Avium Genera, p. 65 (pre-Linnaean)); "PINGUIN, in 't Latyn Chenalopex. Magellaanse Gans en Pinguin by CLUSIUS, WORMIUS, RAY, WILLUGHBY. Orn. 242. Onder de Aarsvoeten by LINNÆUS. Syst. Nat. gesl. 52" (Moehring, 1758, Geslachten der Vogelen, p. 53 (rejected work: ICZN Opinion 241 (1954))); "CHENALOPEX. ... D'un autre côté, Moehring a appliqué le nom de chenalopex, comme terme générique, au grand pingouin, alia [sic] impennis, Linn." (Dumont 1817); "Chenalopex "Moehring" Dumont, 1817, Dict. Sci. Nat., VIII, p. 393. Type, by monotypy, Alca impennis Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2023).
Var. Chenalopes.- chenalopex
L. chenalopex, chenalopeces fox-goose < Gr. χηναλωπηξ khēnalōpēx, χηναλωπεκος khēnalōpekos fox-goose, generally identified as the Egyptian Goose < χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; αλωπηξ alōpēx, αλωπεκος alōpekos fox (cf. genus Chenalopex Stephens, 1824, goose) (syn. Alopochen aegyptiaca).
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Chenasicus (See: CHLEUASICUS)
CHLEUASICUS (Sylviidae; Ϯ Pale-billed Parrotbill C. atrosuperciliaris oatesi) Gr. χλευασια khleuasia mockery < χλευαζω khleuazō to scoff; "Chleuasicus, nobis, n. g. Nearly allied to Suthora, Hodgson (Ind. Rev. 1838, p. 32, and J.A.S. XII, 449), from which it is distinguished by the considerably larger proportionate size of the legs, and by the rather larger and decidedly broader bill, the outline of which (as seen laterally) is still more tumid and anomalous-looking. Rest as in the other genera of the group. 5. Chl. ruficeps, nobis. ... From Darjeeling." (Blyth 1845); "Chleuasicus Blyth, 1845. Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, XIV, p. 578. Type, by monotypy, Chleuasicus ruficeps Blyth, 1845 (not of Blyth, 1842) = Suthora oatesi Sharpe, 1903." (JAJ 2022).
Var. Chenasicus, Chlenasicus.-
chendola (See: chendoola)
chendoola Hindi names Chănḍūl or Chănḍūr for all crested larks (subsp. Galerida cristata).
- CHENDYTES
(‡ Anatidae; Ϯ Diving Goose C. lawi) Gr. χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; δυτης dutēs diver < δυω duō to dive; "In all these respects the big goose-like fossil is a diver—really a sea duck as big as a Canada Goose. Presumably his habits were those of the Surf Duck which winters along our southern California shores, feeding almost in the surf and rafting just outside the breaker line." (L. H. Miller 1925).
- chenensis
- Cochinchina; ex “Couliavan de la Cochinchine” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 570 (syn. Oriolus chinensis).
- cheneros
L. cheneros, chenerotis small goose < Gr. χηνερως khēnerōs, χηνερωτος khēnerōtos type of small goose < dim. χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose (syn. Tadorna variegata).
- chengi
Prof. Cheng Tso-hsin (1906-1998) Chinese ornithologist (Locustella).
- cheniana
Skead 1967, and Clinning 1989, both suggested this name may be a toponym, after the Chenyane or Tshwênyane Hills, north of Zeerust in the Transvaal/North West Province, but Cole 1990, was doubtful of such an origin (cf. Singuni name Tsiyana for a small brown bird, probably a sort of warbler) (see chiniana) (Mirafra).
- Cheniscus
Gr. χηνισκος khēniskos little goose < dim. χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose.
● (Alcidae; syn. Fratercula † Tufted Puffin F. cirrhata) Doubtless a lapsus for Spheniscus “Moehring” G. Gray, 1841. I cannot find Cheniscus in either Moehring, 1752, Avium Genera (pre-Linnaean), or in Moehring, 1758, Geslachten der Vogelen (rejected work: ICZN Opinion 241 (1954)). "2095. CHENISCUS, Mœhr. 1752. Lunda, Pall. 1766. Gymnoblepharum, Brandt, 1837. (Alca cirrhata, Gm.)" (G. Gray 1855); “Cheniscus “Moehr.” G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 127. Type, by original designation, Alca cirrhata Gm., i. e. Pallas, 1769.” (JAJ 2023).
● (Anatidae; syn. Nettapus † Cotton Pygmy Goose N. coromanelianus) "GENUS CCCLXXXI. — CHENISCUS, Brooks' Mss. The characters of this genus, which is intermediate between Bernicla and Chenalopeæ, have not been published" (Stephens 1826: nom. nud.); "GENUS IV. CHENISCUS ... TYPE. Cheniscus Coromandeliana. Affinity. In the structure of the feet this genus bears considerable resemblance to the species of the genus Anser, adapted for swimming, though of extremely diminutive size. The bill, on the contrary, is that of Bernicla. ... It is called the "Cotton Teal" by the Europeans of the Deccan, from the quantity of white in the plumage." (Eyton 1838); "Cheniscus Eyton, Monogr. Anatidæ, p. 15, June 1838. Type (by original designation): Anas coromandeliana Gmelin." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 209).
Var. Cheniskus.- Chenogeranus
(Anseranatidae; syn. Anseranas Ϯ Magpie Goose A. semipalmata) Gr. χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; γερανος geranos crane; " "Report of the Council of the Manchester Natural History Society " issued in 1842 ... 'that remarkable bird from New Holland which formed part of the splendid donation of David Cannon McConnell, Esq. This bird exhibits a combination of characters irreconcilable with any genus of "Le Regne Animal" of Cuvier, or of the arrangement of Temminck, and which Captain Brown suggests may be constituted a new genus under the appellation of Chenogeranus Australis, or Australian Goose-Crane'" (Mathews & Iredale 1921) (Mark Brown in litt.); "Chenogeranus Brown, Illus. Gen. Birds, no. v. sign. u 2, p. 88, 1845 (end). In synonymy of Anseranas." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 209).
- CHENONETTA
(Anatidae; Ϯ Maned Duck / Australian Wood Duck C. jubata) Gr. χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; νηττα nētta duck; "The unique species of this genus has the aspect of a small goose, the size of a Wigeon. It has a short, compressed bill, recalling that of Brent Geese, but also that of the Carolina and Mandarin Wood Ducks and of the Pygmy Geese ... It also resembles the Sheldgeese (Tadornini), looking much like a miniature Chloephaga" (Delacour 1973);"Anas jubata Lath. (Anser lophotus Nob. in Museo Academico) habitu, collo, pedibus et rostri forma Berniclis, mandibulae armatura, corporis ptilosi et potissimum speculi alaris nitidi praesentia ad Anates accedit et simili modo inter Anseres et Anates medium tenet, quo Anseres Cygnopsides inter Cygnos et Anseres. Quare forsan peculiarem subgeneris typum (Chenonetta? i.e. Anser anatinus) sistere posset" (Brandt 1836); "Chenonetta Brandt, Descr. Icon. Anim. Ross. Nov. Aves, fasc. 1, 1836, p. 5. Type, by monotypy, Anser lophotus Brandt = Anas jubata Latham." (Peters 1931, I, p. 152).
Synon. Chaitenessa, Chenalopex, Chlamydochen, Euryanas.- Chenopis
(Anatidae; syn. Cygnus Ϯ Black Swan C. atratus) Gr. χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; οψις opsis appearance; "41. Genus. Chenopis Wagl., Gansschwan. Der Schnabel gänseartig ... Das Gefieder des Halfes wie bey Gänsen. Species: Ch. atrata (Cygnus atrat. Auct.)" (Wagler 1832); "Chenopis Wagler, Isis, 1832, col. 1234. Type, by monotypy, Ch. atrata = Anas atrata Latham." (Peters, 1931, I, p. 144).
Var. Chenopsis.- Chenoramphus
(Ciconiidae; syn. Anastomus † Asian Openbill Stork A. oscitans) “ANASTOMUS Bonn.* ... 1. A. oscitans (Bodd.) ... 2. A. lamelligerus Temm. ... * Bonnaterre established this genus in 1790. Hians of Cuvier (1799-1800), Rhynchochasme of Hermann (1804), Chenoramphus of Dumont (1817), and Apertirostra of Vander Patte are synonymous with the name employed.” (Gray 1848); “Chenorampus G. Gray, 1848, Genera of Birds, III, p. [562]. Alternative name for Anastomus Bonnaterre, 1791.” (see Bruce, 2023, Sherbornia, 8 (1), p. 25) (JAJ 2023) (see Chaenoramphe).
- CHENORHAMPHUS
(Maluridae; Ϯ Broad-billed Fairy-wren C. grayi) Gr. χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; ῥαμφος rhamphos bill; "the bill is moderately long, flattened and fairly broad" (Coates 1990); "Au premier abord, il ressemble un peu aux Todopsis et aux Macherirhynchus, mais il a le bec beaucoup plus élargi que les premiers, et moins dilaté, moins arrondi sur les côtés des derniers, dont il diffère d'ailleurs par la forme de ses narines, l'allongement de ses pattes et son système de coloration. Je me crois donc autorisé à créer en sa faveur une espèce et un genre particuliers, en le nommant Chenorhamphus cyanopectus." (Oustalet 1878); "Chenorhamphus Oustalet, 1878, Bull. Hebd. Assoc. Scientifique France, Paris, 21, p. 248. Type, by monotypy, Chenorhamphus cyanopectus Oustalet = Todopsis grayi Wallace" (Mayr in Peters, 1986, XI, p. 391).
Var. Chaenorhamphus.
Synon. Conopotheras.- Chionochen
(Anatidae; syn. Anser † Snow Goose A. caerulescens) Gr. χιων khiōn, χιονος khionos snow; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; "Genera et Species typicae. ... c. *Chionochen Rchb. hyperboreus (Anser — Pall.) R. Ic. Av. t. 97. ic. 224—226." (Reichenbach 1853); "36. Anser caerulescens ... White morph of present species has been referred to as hyperboreus, but latter name has no taxonomic significance." (del Hoyo & Collar, 2014, HBW Illustrated Checklist, 1, Non-passerines, p. 128); "Chionochen Reichenbach, 1853, Avium Systema Naturale, p. IX. Type, by original designation, Anser hyperboreus Pallas, 1769 = Anser caerulescens Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2020).
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Chlamidochen (See: Chlamydochen)
Chlamydochen (Anatidae; syn. Chenonetta † Maned Duck C. jubata) Gr. χλαμυς khlamus, χλαμυδος khlamudos short cloak; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; "11. Chlamydochen, Bp. 17. jubata, Lath. nec Spix." (Bonaparte 1856); "Chlamydochen Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. xliii. p. 648, Oct. 1856. Type (by monotypy): Anas jubata Latham." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 211).
Var. Chlamidochen, Chlamydauchen.- chlorauchenia
Gr. χλωραυχην khlōraukhēn, χλωραυχενος khlōraukhenos fresh-throated, with the bloom of youth on the neck < χλωρος khlōros green; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos throat.
- chrysauchen / chrysauchenia
Gr. χρυσος khrusos gold; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck.
- cyanauchen
Gr. κυανος kuanos dark-blue, glossy; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck, throat.
- CYANOCHEN
(Anatidae; Ϯ Blue-winged Goose C. cyanoptera) Gr. κυανος kuanos dark-blue; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; "Sämmtliche Deckfedern der Flügel lavendelblau" (Rüppell 1845); "C. BERNICLEÆ. ... 10. Cyanochen, Hartl. 26. cyanoptera, Rüpp." (Bonaparte 1856); "Cyanochen "Hartl."Bonaparte, 1856, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, XLIII, p. 648. Type, by monotypy, Bernicla cyanoptera Rüppell, 1845." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Cyanachen, Cyanauchen (Gr. αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck, throat).- erythrauchen
Gr. ερυθρος eruthros red; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck, throat.
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Erythrauchena (See: Erythrauchaena)
Erythrauchaena (Columbidae; syn. Geopelia † Bar-shouldered Dove G. humeralis) Specific name Columba erythrauchen Wagler, 1827 (= syn. Geopelia humeralis); Gr. οινας oinas, οιναδος oinados dove; "84. Erythrauchaena, Bp. (Geopelia, part. Gr.) COLUMBA humeralis, Temm. (erythrauchen, Wagl. - Geopelia humeralis, Gould.) Pl. col. 191. - Knip, Pig. II. t. 5. - Gould, Austral. v. t. 72. - Reich., Syst. Av. t. 250. f. 1383, 1384. ex Austral. univ." (Bonaparte 1855); "Erythrauchaena Bonaparte, 1855, Conspectus Generum Avium, II, p. 93. Type, by monotypy, Columba erythrauchen Wagler, 1827 = Columba humeralis Temminck, 1821." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Erythauchoena, Erythrauchoena, Erythrauchena, Erythrauchenia, Erythruchoenia.- Gennaeochen
(Anatidae; syn. Radjah † Radjah Shelduck R. radjah) Gr. γενναιος gennaios noble, high-born < γενναω gennaō to beget; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; "Genus Gennaeochen Heine [Radjah (!) Rchb. 1853]" (Heine 1890); "Gennaeochen Heine, in Heine & Reichenow, 1890, Nomencl. Musei Heineani Ornith., p. 343. New name for Radjah Reichenbach, 1853, considered barbarous because of its vernacular roots." (JAJ 2020).
- Geochen
‡ (Anatidae; syn. Branta † Pahala Goose B. rhuax) Gr. γη gē ground; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; "Geochen rhuax new genus and species ... the diagnostic characters on which the new genus and species here described are based are found in the tibiotarsus." (Wetmore 1943); "Genus Geochen Wetmore, 1943 Type species: Geochen rhuax Wetmore, 1943: by monotypy and "new genus and species" convention."" (Olson & James 1991); "Geochen Wetmore, 1943, Condor, 45 (4), p. 146. Type, by monotypy, Geochen rhuax Wetmore, 1943." (JAJ 2020). The affinities of this fossil are uncertain; Wetmore considered his new bird allied to Cereopsis.
- hutchensi
Steve Hutchens (fl. 2006) US sculptor, preparator, fossil-collector (‡Scolopax).
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kamtchatchensis (See: kamschaticus / kamtschatica / kamtschaticus / kamtschatkensis / kamtschatschensis)
kamschaticus / kamtschatica / kamtschaticus / kamtschatkensis / kamtschatschensis Kamchatka, Far Eastern Russia (named after the Kamchadal peoples, "men of the far end.").
- kastschenkoi
Prof. Dr Nikolai Feofanovich Kastschenko (1858-1935) Russian zoologist, explorer, collector in Siberia (syn. Anthus campestris).
- kiautschensis
Kiaochow, Shantung / Jiaozhou, Shandong, China.
- krascheninnikowi
Prof. Stepan Petrovich Krasheninnikov (1711-1755) Russian naturalist, geographer, explorer in Siberia and Kamchatka 1731-1742 (syn. Lagopus muta pleskei).
- lamprauchen
Gr. λαμπρος lampros brilliant; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck, throat.
- larochensis
- La Roche Mission, Maré I., Loyalty Is.
- Leachena
(Meliphagidae; syn. Epthianura † Yellow Chat E. crocea) John Albert Leach (1870-1929) Australian teacher, naturalist; L. suffix -ena relating to; "p. 208. LEACHENA gen. nov. Type Epthianura crocea Castelnau and Ramsay." (Mathews 1916); "Leachena Mathews, Austral Av. Rec. vol. iii. p. 60, Apr. 7th, 1916. Type (by original designation): E. crocea Gould." (Mathews, 1930, Syst. Av. Austral., II, p. 586).
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Leichenops (See: Lichenops)
Lichenops (Tyrannidae; syn. Hymenops † Spectacled Tyrant H. perspicillatus) Gr. λειχην leikhēn, λειχηνος leikhēnos lichen, callous of the skin; ωψ ōps, ωπος ōpos eye; "Lichenops Comm. Ada Lesson. (Le Clignot Comm.)" (Sundevall 1836); "Lichenops Sundevall, 1836, Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 1835, p. 88. Type, by monotypy, "Le Clignot" Commerson = Motacilla perspicillata Gmelin." (Traylor in Peters, 1979, VIII, p. 178).
Var. Leichenops.- leschenault / leschenaulti / leschenaultii
Jean Baptiste Louis Claude Théodore Leschenault de la Tour (1773-1826) French botanist, ornithologist, collector in the East Indies 1801-1806, India and Ceylon 1816-1822, and Cayenne 1823-1824 (Anarhynchus, Enicurus, subsp. Ketupa zeylonensis, Merops (ex “Guêpier Laichenot” of Levaillant 1807), Taccocua).
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leucachen (See: leucauchen)
leucauchen Gr. λευκος leukos white; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck.
- Leucauchenia
(Glareolidae; syn. Glareola † Rock Pratincole G. nuchalis) Gr. λευκος leukos white; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck (JG; see Manuscript-names).
- LICHENOSTOMUS
(Meliphagidae; Ϯ Purple-gaped Honeyeater L. cratitius occidentalis) Gr. λειχην leikhēn, λειχηνος leikhēnos lichen, callous; στομα stoma, στοματος stomatos mouth; "Gen. LICHENOSTOMUS nov. gen. *) Flechtenmund. 640. 1. L. occidentalis n. sp. **) ... *) Von λειχην, ηνος, ὁ Flechte und ςτομα, το Mund. Die Gruppe unterscheidet sich von Ptilotis durch eine flechtenartige Hautfortsetzung am Mundwinkel. **)Von dem südaustralischen L. cratitius (Ptilotis cratitius Gould) nur durch folgende Abweichungen verschieden: Im Ganzen kleiner; Schwanz nicht stark abgerundet, sondern fast gerade; der Hautlappen hinter dem Mundwinkel ist nur 5/12" lang und am ausgestopften Exemplare gelb, daher wohl nicht lila im Leben. Nur der Zügel und die Einfassung der Ohrgegend sind schwarz, letztere selbst aber, und besonders in der Mitte und über dem gelben Federbüschel glänzend grau. Der gelbe Bartstreifen ist nach innen durch einen dunkleren verloschenen Streifen begrenzt, welcher dunkeler als die übrige Unterseite ist; Kehle bis zur Brust verloschen gelb gestrichelt." (Cabanis 1853); "Lichenostomus Cabanis, 1853, Museum Heineanum, I, p. 119. Type, by monotypy, Lichenostomus occidentalis Cabanis, 1853." (JAJ 2022). This genus, formerly of over 20 species, was dismantled in 2011, and consists now of only two species.
Synon. Lophoptilotis.- lichenya
Lichenya Plateau, Nyasaland / Malawi.
- Marilochen
(Anatidae; syn. Anser † Lesser White-fronted Goose A. erythropus) Gr. μαριλη marilē coal-dust, charcoal; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; "Genera et Species typicae. ... a. *Marilochen Rchb. brevirostris (Anser — Heckel) R. Ic. Av. t. 103. ic. 398—399 et 961. ib. 958—960. t. 102. ic. 238—241." (Reichenbach 1853); "Marilochen Reichenbach, 1853, Avium Systema Naturale, p. IX. Type, by original designation, Anser brevirostris Heckel, i.e. C. L. Brehm, 1831 = Anas erythropus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2020).
- Mascarenachen
‡ (Anatidae; syn. Alopochen Ϯ Réunion Sheldgoose A. kervazoi) Mascarene Islands; Gr. χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose. The Réunion Sheldgoose was considered very good to eat, and over-hunting doubtless caused its extinction during the 17th century.
- melanauchen
Gr. μελας melas, μελανος melanos black; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos neck.
- menachensis
Menacha / Manakhah, Yemen.
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muschenbrocki (See: musschenbroeki / musschenbroekii)
musschenbroeki / musschenbroekii Samuel Cornelius Jan Willem van Musschenbroek (1827-1883) Dutch colonial administrator in the East Indies (subsp. Artamus leucorynchus, Neopsittacus, syn. Ptilinopus viridis geelvinkianus, Surniculus).
- NEOCHEN
(Anatidae; Ϯ Orinoco Goose N. jubata) Gr. νεος neos new; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; "The genus Alopochen Stejneger, as at present constituted, contains two recent and three fossil species. The former are Alopochen aegyptiaca, from Africa, and Alopochen jubata, from South America. Such widely separated ranges naturally raise a question regarding the generic identity of these two living species, which doubt has already found expression in the statement of the most recent authority of the family Anatidae [Salvadori 1895]. Examination now shows that these two species are really generically different; and since Anas aegyptiaca Linnaeus is the type of Alopochen, a new generic name is necessary for Anser jubatus Spix. Neochen,2 gen. nov. ... Type.— Anser jubatus Spix. ... 2 Nεος, novus; Xην, anser." (Oberholser 1918); "Neochen Oberholser, 1918, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 8, p. 571. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Anser jubatus Spix." (Johnsgard in Peters, 1979, I, 2nd ed., p. 449).
- Nesochen
(Anatidae; syn. Branta † Hawaiian Goose B. sandvicensis) Gr. νησος nēsos island (= Sandwich Is. / Hawaii); χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; the Hawaiian Goose or Néné was brought back from the edge of extinction by the success of captive breeding stocks, and has now been re-introduced to the island of Hawaii; "d1. Webs of the feet deeply excised. . . . .19. NESOCHEN, p. 126. ... 19. NESOCHEN. Nesochen, Salvad. MS. . . . Type N. sandvicensis. Range. Confined to the Sandwich Islands." (Salvadori 1895); "Nesochen Salvadori, 1895, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 27, pp. 81 (in key), 126. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Anser sandvicensis Vigors." (Johnsgard in Peters, 1979, I, 2nd ed., p. 440).
- ORESSOCHEN
(Anatidae; † Andean Goose O. melanopterus) Gr. ορεσσι- oressi- mountain- (i.e. Chilean Andes) < ορος oros, ορεος oreos mountain; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; "ORESSOCHEN, n. g. Gen. Char. Bill very robust, light colored, lamellæ not projecting. Feet robust, light colored, hallux well developed. Plumage of sexes similar; colors simple. Species Oressochen melanopterus, Gay. Highland regions of Chili." (Bannister 1870); "Oressochen B. Bannister, 1870, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 131. Type, by monotypy, Oressochen melanopterus Gay, i.e. Bernicla melanoptera Gay, 1847 = Anser melanopterus Eyton, 1838." (JAJ 2022).
Synon. Andichenodes.- pantchenkoi
Dr. Georges Pantchenko (d. 2003) of the Venezuelan Border Administration (subsp. Pyrrhura caeruleiceps).
- poliauchenia
Gr. πολιος polios grey; αυχενιος aukhenios of the neck < αυχην aukhēn, αυχενος aukhenos throat, neck.
- PTAIOCHEN
‡ (Anatidae; Ϯ Stumbling Moa-nalo P. pau) Gr. πταιω ptaiō to stumble; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; “Ptaiochen, new genus Type species: Ptaiochen pau, new species. ... so named for the propensity of the species to fall into holes. The gender is masculine.” (Olson & James 1991); "Ptaiochen Olson and James, 1991, AOU Orn. Monographs, 45, p. 38. Type, by original designation, Ptaiochen pau Olson and James, 1991." (JAJ 2020).
- reichenbachi / reichenbachii
Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (1793-1879) German zoologist, botanist, nomenclaturist (pub. Die Vollständigste Naturgeschichte der Schwimmvögel 1845/48; Synopsis Avium 1847/48; Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel 1849/53; Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie. Icones ad Synopsin Avium 1851/54; Novitiae ad Synopsin Avium 1850/51; Trochilinarum enumeratio 1855/57; Die Vollständigste Naturgeschichte der Tauben 1861/62; Die Singvögel 1862/63) (Anabathmis, syn. Celeus elegans, subsp. Dryobates fumigatus, subsp. Leptotila rufaxilla, syn. Patagioenas maculosa, syn. Patagioenas picazuro, Todiramphus).
- reichenovi / reichenovii / reichenowi
Prof. Georg Anton Eugen Reichenow (1847-1941) German ornithologist (pub. Vogelbilder aus fernen Zonen 1878/83; Die Vögel der Zoologischen Gärten 1882/84; Systematisches Verzeichniss der Vögel Deutschlands 1889; Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologici (contrib.) 1890; Die Vögel Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas 1894; Die Vögel Afrikas 1900/05) (subsp. Aerodramus spodiopygius, Anthreptes, syn. Anthus spinoletta, subsp. Batis mixta, subsp. Cercotrichas leucosticta, syn. Chlorophoneus multicolor, subsp. Chloropicus gabonensis, Cinnyris, subsp. Cisticola brachypterus, Crithagra, Cryptospiza, Drepanorhynchus, syn. Dryocopus martius, subsp. Edolisoma schisticeps, syn. Emberiza goslingi, syn. Galerida cristata arenicola, syn. Gymnoris pyrgita, syn. Illadopsis fulvescens (ex Turdinus rufiventris Reichenow, 1893), syn. Lagonosticta rubricata haematocephala, syn. Lanius collurio (ex Lanius affinis Fischer & Reichenow, 1884), subsp. Melaenornis chocolatinus, syn. Merops viridissimus, syn. Milvus migrans, syn. Myrmecocichla albifrons frontalis, Numida, syn. Onychognathus fulgidus hartlaubii, subsp. Oriolus larvatus, subsp. Pachycephala hyperythra, Pionus, Pitta, subsp. Ploceus baglafecht, subsp. Poicephalus meyeri, syn. Prodotiscus zambesiae ellenbecki, subsp. Psalidoprocne pristoptera, subsp. Pteroglossus bitorquatus, syn. Ptyonoprogne obsoleta, syn. Pycnonotus xanthopygos, subsp. Rhipidura dryas, subsp. Sarothrura elegans, subsp. Sasia ochracea, subsp. Schistolais leucopogon, syn. Sitta europaea, Streptopelia, syn. Symposiachrus axillaris fallax, syn. Tachymarptis aequatorialis, subsp. Tauraco livingstonii, subsp. Tchagra minutus, subsp. Trochocercus nitens, syn. Turdoides jardineii emini, syn. Urorhipis rufifrons rufidorsalis, subsp. Zosterops stuhlmanni).
- Reichenowia
(Estrildidae; syn. Erythrura † Tawny-breasted Parrotfinch E. hyperythra) Prof. Georg Anton Eugen Reichenow (1847-1941) German ornithologist; "Dagegen muss für den durch Chlorura Sclater [Cat. Amer. Bds. 1862, p. 117] präoccupierten Namen Chlorura Reichenbach (Singvögel, 1863, p. 33, [das Datum entnehme ich aus A. B. Meyer, Index Reichenbach's Orn. Werk, 1879, p. VII]) unter den Passeriden ein neuer Name geschaffen werden, und erlaube ich mir, die betreffende Gattung nach Herrn Professor A. Reichenow, dem ausgezeichneten Kenner der äthiopischen Vögel, Reichenowia, nom. nov., zu nennen. Die typische Art derselben ist somit als R. hyperythra (Rchb.) zu bezeichnen" (Poche 1904); "Reichenowia Poche, 1904, Ornith. Monatsberichte, XII (2), p. 26. New name for Chlorura Reichenbach, 1863, not of P. Sclater, 1862." (JAJ 2021).
- reichenowii
Prof. Georg Anton Eugen Reichenow (1847-1941) German ornithologist, collector in West Africa 1872-1873 (syn. Ploceus nigrimentus).
- rincheni
Rinchen Gialtsen (fl. 1941) Lahauli (India/Tibet) collector, companion of US botanist Dr Walter Koelz (Laurent Raty in litt.) (syn. Bambusicola fytchii hopkinsoni).
- sandvicensis / sandvichensis / sandwichensis
● Sandwich I./ Hawaiian Is. (named after John Montagu 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718-1792) First Lord of the Admiralty 1771-1782); "Sandwich Island Goose ... BERNICLA SANDVICENSIS. ... in insulis Sandvicensibus et in Owhyhee." (Vigors 1834) (Branta).
● Sandwich I. / Faté / Efaté, New Hebrides (subsp. Chalcophaps longirostris).
● Sandwich Is. / Hawaiian Is. ex “Sandwich Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (Chasiempis).
● Sandwich Is. / Hawaiian Is.; ex “Sandwich Thrush” (= ☼) of Latham 1783 (syn. Chasiempis sandwichensis).
● Unalaska I. and Sandwich Sound, Alaska (cf. “Named after Sandwich Island, one of the Kurile or Aleutian Archipelago” (Coues 1882)); ex “Unalaska Bunting” of Pennant 1785, and “Sandwich Bunting” of Latham 1785 (Passerculus).
● Sandwich, Kent, England; ex “Sandwich Tern” of Latham 1785 (Thalasseus).
● Sandwich Is. / Hawaiian Is.; ex "Sandwich Rail" of Latham 1785 (‡Zapornia).- schensinensis
- Shansi Province (= Shanxi), China.
- sitchensis
- Sitka, Alaska, USA.
- szechenyii
Béla Széchenyi Graf von Sárvár-Felsővidék (1837-1918) Hungarian traveller, explorer, collector in North America 1863, and Central Asia 1877-1880 (Tetraophasis).
- talischensis
- Khanate of Talysh, a former semi-independent principality of Azerbaijan.
- THAMBETOCHEN
‡ (Anatidae; † Maui Nui Moa-nalo T. chauliodous) Gr. θαμβητος thambētos astonishing < θαμβεω thambeō to be astonished; χην khēn, χηνος khēnos goose; "Thambetochen, new genus Type: Thambetochen chauliodous, new species. Diagnosis: A large, flightless goose with heavy hindlimbs, minute wings, and keelless sternum. ... Etymology: Gr. thambetos, astonishing, and chen, m. goose." (Olson & Wetmore 1976); "Thambetochen Olson and Wetmore, 1976, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 89 (18), p. 252. Type, by original designation, Thambetochen chauliodous Olson and Wetmore." (JAJ 2020). The Maui Nui Moa-nalo is known only from subfossil remains found on Molokai, Hawaiian Is.
- tkachenkoi
Mikhail Elevferovich Tkachenko (1878-1950) Russian forester, Director of Forestry Experimental Station, Leningrad (subsp. Perisoreus infaustus).
- touchena
John David Digges La Touche (1861-1935) Inspector of Customs, China 1882-1921, ornithologist; L. suffix -ena relating to (syn. Leucodioptron canorum).
- tschutschensis
- Chukotski, Chukchi or Chukotka Peninsula, Far East Siberia, Russia.
- unalaschcensis / unalaschensis / unalaschkensis
Unalaschca / Unalaska, Aleutian Is., Alaska, USA.
● ex “Oonalashka Bunting” of Latham 1783, and “Unalascha Bunting” of Pennnant 1785 (subsp. Passerella iliaca).
● Erroneous TL. "Aoonalashka" (= Friendly Is.); ex “Aoonalashka Swallow” of Latham 1783 (syn. Aerodramus spodiopygius).- wallichensis
Walwich Bay, a former name for Walvis Bay, South West Africa/Namibia; "The name is that given by the British sailors to the bay when mapping and sign beaconing the West Coast. This name was changed by the Germans" (Bradfield 1944) (OD per Martin Schneider) (see balaenarum) (syn. Falco peregrinus minor).
- wasatchensis
- Wasatch Mts., Salt Lake County, Utah, USA.
