The Key to Scientific Names
- cinclus
Gr. κιγκλος kinklos small tail-wagging waterside bird mentioned by Aristotle, Aristophanes, Aelianus and other authors, perhaps a wagtail or a sandpiper, but never properly identified. Variously treated by later authors as a wagtail, sandpiper, dipper, thrush or ouzel. In ornithology cinclus is associated with a great variety of unrelated thrush-like birds (e.g., the water ouzel or dipper), but rarely with the true thrushes.
● (syn. Actitis hypoleucos).
● (syn. Arenaria interpres).
● ex “Cinclus” of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599-1603, and Ray 1713, and “Tringa Cinclus” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Calidris alpina).
● "94. STURNUS. ... Cinclus. 4. S. niger, pectore albo. Motacilla pectore albo, corpore nigro. Fn. svec. 216. Merula aquatica. Gesn. av. 609. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 54. Will. orn. 104. t. 24. Raj. av. 66. n. 7. Alb. av. 2. p. 36. t. 39. Habitat in Europa ad aquas: Hyeme ad cataractas, fontesque non congelandos, ubi descendit per voragines voratura Oniscos aquaticos Insectaque alia: emergitque non palmipes, hyeme solitaria, æstate plerumque gemina versatur. Mere insectivora nec granivora, naribus laminula fere clausis distincta a Motacillis." (Linnaeus 1758) (Cinclus).- CINCLUS
(Cinclidae; † White-throated Dipper C. cinclus) Specific name Sturnus cinclus Linnaeus, 1758; the dippers are a small, distinctive group of passerines adapted to swimming and hunting under water; "XXIII. Gattung, Wasseramsel, Cinclus. ... 128) Cinclus hydrophilus, die gemeine Wasseramsel, schwarz mit weißer Brust. Linn. p. 803. nr. 5. Faun. suec. nr. 214. Sturnus Cinclus. Bechsteins Nat. Gesch. Deutschl. IV. S. 167. Der Wasserstaar. Göze Fauna V. I. S. 67. Wasserstaar. Scopoli Ann. I. nr. 223. Motacilla Cinclus. Lathams Uebers. III. S. 45. nr. 50. Wasseramsel (unter den Drosseln). ... Aber nirgends steht er am rechten Art, und nur in einer eigenen Gattung, wozu der Bau seines Körpers und Schnabels hinlängliche Kennzeichen darbieten, kann er eine angemessene Stelle finden." (Borkhausen 1797); "Wassenschwätzer. Cinclus ... Der Gestalt nach unter die Singvögel gehörig, der Nahrung und Lebensart nach aber sich den Sumpfvögeln und zwar den Strandläufen nähernd. Nähren sich von Wasserinsekten und nisten in Uferlöchern ... Sturnus Cinclus. Linn." (Bechstein, 1802, Ornith. Taschenb., p. 205); "Cinclus Borkhausen, 1797, Deutsche Fauna, 1, p. 300. Type, by monotypy, Cinclus hydrophilus Borkhausen = Sturnus cinclus Linnaeus." (Greenway in Peters, 1960, IX, p. 374).
Var. Cinches.
Synon. Accentor, Aquatilis, Hydrichla, Hydrobata.
● (Scolopacidae; syn. Arenaria † Ruddy Turnstone A. interpres morinella) Gr. κιγκλος kinklos unidentified waterside bird; “95. CINCLVS.* Def. Rostrum digitis æquale, uel parum longius, apice horizontaliter cuneiformi. Mandibula inferior subtus recta. Pes tetradactylus. Digiti penitus fissi.” (Moehring, 1752, Avium Genera, p. 77 (pre-Linnaean)); "CINCLUS, Mœhr. (1752). Strepsilas, Ill. (1811). Arenaria, Briss. (1760). Morinella, Meyer (1810). Tringa, L. C. morinellus, (L.) G. R. Gray. Pl. enl. 856. S. interpres, Ill. S. collaris, Temm." (G. Gray 1841); "Cinclus "Moehring" G. Gray, 1841, List Genera Birds, 2nd ed., p. 85 (not of Borkhausen, 1797). Type, by original designation, C. morinellus (L.), i.e. Tringa morinella Linnaeus, 1766.” (JAJ 2023). Gray has opened Pandora's box here: Moehring's "Cinclus", in so far as it is identifiable at all, is most probably the Dunlin, and certainly not the Turnstone.
● (Scolopacidae; syn. Calidris † Dunlin C. alpina) “Cinclus (nec Borkhausen 1797!) Anonymus, Allg. D. Lit. Zeit 1804, II no. 168, Col. 542 (Typus durch Tautonymie: Tringa cinclus).” (Hartert, 1915, Die Vögel de paläarktischen Fauna, II, p. 1571) (Tringa cinclus Leach, 1816 = Tringa alpina Linnaeus, 1758). I believe the anomymous author refers to Bechstein, 1804: “Steinpicker ... Tringa Cinclus, alpina, islandica u.a.” (per Björn Bergenholtz).
● (syn. ?) Rafinesque's first use of this name; perhaps an earlier use or error for Coloeus; "Sous-famille. CORACINIA. Coraces. Bec comprimé. G. 1. Coracias L. 2. Becardia R. 3. Gonotrimphus R. 4. Paradisea L. 5. Nemoderus R. L. 6. Caryocactes R. 7. Cinclus R. 8. Corvus L. 9. Kinkus R. 10. Corbivus R." (Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la Nature, p. 67).
● (syn. ?) Rafinesque's second use of this name; perhaps an earlier use or error for Curaeus; "2. Sous-famille. STURNIDIA. Les Sturniens. Bec allongé, non comprimé. 20. Glaucopis L. 21. Buphaga L. 22. Oriolus L. 23. Sturnus L. Quiscalis R. 24. Calleas R. 25. Icterus Daud. 26. Cacicus Daud. 27. Xanthornus R. 28. Cinclus R." (Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la Nature, p. 68).- CINNYRICINCLUS
(Sturnidae; † Violet-backed Starling C. leucogaster) Genus Cinnyris Cuvier, 1816, sunbird; Mod. L. cinclus thrush < Gr. κιγκλος kinklos unidentified waterside bird; "G. CINNYRICINCLE, Cinnyricinclus, Less. — Turdus, L. Gm. — Anthreptes, Sw. — Lamprotornis, Sw. 1º C. leucogaster, Less. — Lamprotornis leucogaster, Sw., Birds w. Af., t. I, p. 252, pl. 8. — Merle de Juida, Buff., enl. 648, fig. 1. — Turdus leucogaster, Gm., I, 819; Vieill., Encycl., t. II, p. 676, esp. 151. — Hab. Sénégal et Guinée. 2º C. leucosoma, Less. — Cinnyris Longuemarei, Less., Ill. de Zool., pl. 23. — Anthreptes leucosoma, Sw., Birds w. Af., p. 146, pl. 17. — Hab. Sénégal. 3º C. melasoma, Less. ... Hab. Sénégal." (Lesson 1840); "Cinnyricinclus Lesson, 1840, Rev. Zool. [Paris], p. 272. Type, by subsequent designation, Turdus leucogaster Gmelin, 1789 = Turdus leucogaster Boddaert, 1783 (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds)." (Amadon in Peters, 1962, XV, p. 98) (see Cinnyricincle).
Var. Cinniricinclus, Cinnyricincla.
Synon. Calornis, Pholidauges.-
Cyanocinclus (See: Cyanocincla)
Cyanocincla (Turdidae; syn. Monticola † Blue Rock Thrush M. solitarius) L. cyanos lapis lazuli < Gr. κυανος kuanos dark-blue; Mod. L. cinclus thrush < Gr. κιγκλος kinklos small, tail-wagging waterside bird; "Cyanocincla* cyanus, Lin. ... *I propose this generic, or subgeneric name for the sub-group which comprises cyanus, Lin., solitarius, Müll., and if really distinct, which I cannot quite see, Pandoo, Sykes" (Hume 1873); "Cyanocincla Hume, 1873, Nest Eggs Indian Birds, I, p. 226. Type, by subsequent designation (Hume, 1879, Stray Feathers, VIII, p. 74), Turdus cyanus Linnaeus, 1766 = Turdus solitarius Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Cyanocinclus, Cyanocincle, Cyanocinla.- Legriocinclus
(Mimidae; syn. Ramphocinclus † White-breasted Thrasher R. brachyurus) Probably from French léger, légère slight, thin, and Mod. L. cinclus thrush < Gr. κιγκλος kinklos unknown waterside bird, alluding to the slightly curved bill and slender gape-bristles of the White-breasted Thrasher; "86. LE LEGRIOCINCLE MEXICAIN. [Legriocinclus Mexicanus, Lesson. Petrodroma, ib. Ann. sc. nat., 1838.] Cet oiseau à été découverte à la Vera-Cruz, par M.Adolphe Lesson. Il a de longueur totale sept pouces et demi, et le bec entre dans ces dimensions pour dix à onze lignes. Son bec est noir, assez robuste, légèrement arqué, garni de quelques légères soies à la base et sensiblement échancré à la pointe." (Lesson 1847) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Legriocinclus Lesson, Compt. Oeuvr. Buffon, éd. Lévêque, 20, (Descr. Mammif. et Ois.), p. 278, 1847—type, by monotypy, Petrodroma mexicana Lesson = Turdus brachyurus Vieillot." (Hellmayr, 1934, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. VII, p. 343).
- Limnocinclus
(Scolopacidae; syn. Calidris † Sharp-tailed Sandpiper C. acuminata) Gr. λιμνη limnē marsh; κιγκλος kinklos small waterside bird; "Genus LIMNOCINCLUS, Gould. The two species of this genus range over many degrees of latitude, the Limnocinclus pectoralis of America being one of them, the following species the other. They, or at least the Australian bird, inhabit marshy districts and the borders of rivers; and run about among the grass and herbage much after the manner of the true Snipes. ... Sp. 522. LIMNOCINCLUS ACUMINATUS. MARSH TRINGA. Totanus acuminatus, Horsf. Lin. Trans., vol. xiii. p.192. Tringa australis, Jard. and Selb. Ill. Orn., vol. ii. pl. 91. Schœniclus australis, G. R. Gray, List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., part iii. p. 105." (Gould 1865); "Limnocinclus Gould, Handb. Birds Austr. vol. ii. p. 254, Dec. 1865. Type (by subsequent designation), Salvadori, Orn. Pap. e Mol. vol. iii. p. 312, 1882): Totanus acuminatus Horsfield." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 176).
- RAMPHOCINCLUS
(Mimidae; † White-breasted Thrasher R. brachyurus) Gr. ῥαμφος rhamphos bill; Mod. L. cinclus thrush < Gr. κιγκλος kinklos unidentified tail-wagging waterside bird; "RAMPHOCINCLE, Ramphocinclus (merle à grand bec), de Lafr. Char. gener., bec grêle très-allongé, légèrement arqué et échancré ... Ce petit groupe particulier aux Antilles, du moins les trois espèces que nous en possédons, se compose d'espèces remarquables par la longueur de leur bec légèrement arqué et par un plumage brun noirâtre, l'espéce type est le Turdus brachyurus de Vieillot." (de La Fresnaye 1843); "Ramphocinclus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 66, 1843—type, by orig. desig., Turdus brachyurus Vieillot." (Hellmayr, 1934, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. VII, p. 342). Recent work suggests that the two insular forms of this thrasher be treated as separate endemic species.
Var. Rhamphocinclus.
Synon. Cinclops, Legriocinclus.-
Rhodinocinclus (See: Rhodinocincla)
Rhodinocincla (Rhodinocichlidae; syn. Rhodinocichla † Rosy Thrush-tanager R. rosea) Gr. ῥοδινος rhodinos pink < ῥοδον rhodon rose; Mod. L. cinclus thrush; "Rhodinocincla rosea HARTL. ... CXV. Rhodinocincla HARTLAUB Journ. f. Ornith. 1853. I, 33. RCHB. Nat. Syst. t. suppl. ... Kleid oben dunkel, unterseits schön rosa, bei dem Weibchen rostroth, Augenbrauenstreif weiß. Offenbar hier Vertreter der Würger-Gattung Malaconotus. *491. R. rosea" (Reichenbach 1853); "Rhodinocincla Reichenbach, Handb. Spec. Orn., livr. 4, pp. 148, 201, Aug. 1, 1853—[type by monotypy, Furnarius roseus Lesson]" (Hellmayr, 1936, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. IX, p. 355).
Var. Rhodinocinclus, Rhodinocyla.-
Sylbeocinclus (See: Sylbeocyclus)
Sylbeocyclus Gr. συλλαβη sullabē girdle, belt < συλλαμβανω sullambanō to bring together; κυκλος kuklos ring, circle.
• (Podicipedidae; syn. Podilymbus † Pied-billed Grebe P. podiceps) "Il genere 253. Podiceps può suddividersi in due sottogeneri già indicati nella mia Synopsis degli Uccelli Americani e sono: 1. Podiceps, Nob. 2. Sylbeocyclus, Nob. (typ. Pod. carolinensis.)" (Bonaparte 1832); "Z. PODICIPEÆ. ... 19. Sylbeocyclus, Bp. 59. podiceps, L. (carolinensis, Br. ludovicianus, Lath.) 60. antarcticus, Less. (podiceps, Licht. carolinensis? Spix. brevirostris? Gr.) 61. lineatus, Cassin." (Bonaparte 1856); "Sylbeocyclus Bonaparte, 1832, Giornale Arcadico, LII, p. 209. Type, by original designation, Podiceps carolinensis Latham, 1790 = Colymbus podiceps Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Silbeocyclus, Sylbeocinclus.
• (Podicipedidae; syn. Tachybaptus † Little Grebe T. ruficollis) "GENUS CXXXVIII. SYLBEOCYCLUS. DABCHICK. This genus differs from Podiceps chiefly in having the body short and full; the bill not so long as the head, moderately stout, tapering, much compressed, and pointed. ... The species are extremely active, dive and swim with amazing celerity, and feed on small fishes, aquatic coleoptera, helices, and seeds. 275. SYLBEOCYCLUS EUROPÆUS. EUROPEAN DABCHICK. ... Dobchick. Dipper. Little Doucker or Diver. Colymbus minor, Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 591.—Podiceps minor, and Hebridicus, Lath. Ind. Ornith. ii. 784, 785." (Macgillivray 1842); "Sylbeocyclus Macgillivray, Man. Brit. Orn., 2, p. 205, 1842—type, by monotypy, Sylbeocyclus Europaeus Macgillivray = Colymbus minor Gmelin = Colymbus ruficollis Pallas." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (2), p. 19).-
Thoracocinclus (See: Thoracocincla)
Thoracocincla (Turdidae; syn. Turdus † Ring Ouzel T. torquatus) Gr. θωραξ thōrax, θωρακος thōrakos breast; Mod. L. cinclus thrush < Gr. κιγκλος kinklos unidentified tail-wagging waterside bird. Apart from the pale bill, nothing in Reichenbach's 1850, plate LIII, labelled Turdinae: Merulinae, points to a positive identification of this thrush; "Thoracocincla Reichenbach, 1850, Avium Systema Naturale, pl. LIII (no specific names given). Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 43), Turdus torquatus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Thoracocinclus.
