The Key to Scientific Names
- autoloxia
Gr. αυτος autos ideal, only, very; genus Loxia Linnaeus, 1758, crossbill (syn. Loxia curvirostra).
- CYANOLOXIA
(Cardinalidae; † Glaucous-blue Grosbeak C. glaucocaerulea) Gr. κυανος kuanos dark-blue; genus Loxia Linnaeus, 1758, crossbill; "*1030. Cyanoloxia, Bp. (Guiraca, p. Gr.) America. 5. 1. LOXIA caerulea, L. (Fringilla caerulea, Bp. - Pyurrhula carolinensis caerulea, Br. - Guiraca hinc Coccoborus caeruleus, Sw.) Catesb. Carol. I. t. 39. - Wils. Am. Orn. t. 24. 6. - Aud. Am. t. 122. ex merid. Am. s. ... 2. LOXIA cyanea, L. (L. caerulea, var. β. Gm. - Pyrrhula caerulea brasiliana, Br. - Fringilla brissoni, Licht. - Pitylus cyaneus, Lafr. - Pitylus cyaneus, et P. brissoni, Gr. sp. 5. et 6.) Br. Orn. III. t. 17. 2. - Edw. B. t. 125. Vieill. Ois. Chant. t. 64. - Azara 119. ex Am. m. Bras. Parag. ... 3. COCCOBORUS cyanoides, Lafr. (Pitylus cyanoides, Gr.) Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 74. sp. 17. ex Panama. ... *4. FRINGILLA parellina, Licht. (Pitylus lazulus? Less. Rev. Zool. 1842. p. 174.) Mus. Berol. ex Mexico, Alvarado. ... 5. PYRRHULA glauco-caerulea, Lafr. (Spermophila glauco-caerulea, Gr.) Orb. Voy. Am. m. t. 50. 2. ex Am. m. or. Maldonado." (Bonaparte 1850 (Consp. Avium)); "Nous y rattachons le nouveau genre Cyanoloxia, BP. dont le type Loxia caerulea, L., a été aussi considéré comme une Guiraca, mais à laquelle nous réunissons trois au quatre autres Pityliens bleus inextricablement confondus, et ballotés dans les genres Loxia, Fringilla, Guiraca, Coccoborus, Pyrrhula, et peut-être même Tanagra" (Bonaparte 1850 (Monog. Loxiens)); "The type of Cyanoloxia, by elimination, is Pyrrhula glauco-cærulea D'Orbigny." (Ridgway 1901); "425. gen. CYANOLOXIA Bp. (Tipo, por eliminación: Phyrrula [sic] glaucocaerulea Orb.)" (Dabbene 1910); "Cyanoloxia Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 502, end of 1850— type, by present designation, Pyrrhula glauco-caerulea Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny.1 ... 1 The same species was indicated as "type by elimination" by Ridgway (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 1, p. 594, footnote, 1901) and Dabbene (Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 378, 1910)." (Hellmayr, 1938, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. XI, p. 105).
Var. Cyanoloxias.- Hypoloxias
(Fringillidae; syn. Loxops † Hawaii Akepa L. coccineus) Gr. ὑπο hupo almost; genus Loxia Linnaeus, 1758, crossbill; "C'est ici que nous placerons, ne sachant où le mettre plus convenablement, le singulier petit genre Hypoloxias, LICHT. (Loxops, CABAN.) dont le mâle est rouge et la femelle verdâtre, qui rappelle les Becs-croisés et se lie peut-être au genre Psittirostra! C'est bien gratuitement qu'on en a fait une Linotte! . . .et que par une erreur inexplicable on l'a confondu avec Linaria brevirostris!!" (Bonaparte & Schlegel 1850); “Hypoloxias N. coccinea” (Lichtenstein, 1854, Nomenclator Avium Musei Zoologici Berolinensis, p. 48); "Hypoloxias “Licht.” Bonaparte and Schlegel, 1850, Monographie des Loxiens, p. X. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 77), Fringilla coccinea Gmelin, 1789.” (JAJ 2021).
Var. Hypoloxius, Hypoloxia.- loxia
Genus Loxia Cuvier, 1800, Hawfinch (not Loxia Linnaeus, 1758); "M. Lesson la décrivit et lui imposa le nom de Psittacule gros bec, par une sorte de ressemblance due à la force des mandibules avec les passereaux du genre gros bec, Loxia L., ou Coccothraustes CUV." (Bourjot St.-Hilaire 1838) (syn. Bolbopsittacus lunulatus).
- LOXIA
(Fringillidae; † Red Crossbill / Common Crossbill L. curvirostra) Gr. λοξος loxos crosswise, slanting; "Loxia is the proper name of the Cross-bill, from λοξος oblique" (Pennant 1773); "LOXIA Brisson (λοξος obliquus, curvus) ... Rostrum mediocre, crassum, compressum, forficatum, mandibularum apicibus inflexis, una alteram decussatim praetereunte" (Illiger 1811); "96. LOXIA. Rostrum conico-gibbum, fronte subcalvum: Mandibula inferior margine laterali inflexa. Nares in basi rostri. Lingua integra." (Linnaeus 1758); "Loxia Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 171. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, ed. 1, p. 49), Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus." (Paynter in Peters, 1968, XIV, p. 287). Linnaeus's Loxia comprised thirty-two species (L. Curvirostra, L. Coccothraustes, L. Enucleator, L. Pyrrhula, L. Cardinalis, L. Dominicana, L. cristata, L. mexicana, L. eryocephala, L. flavicans, L. oryzivora, L. panicivora, L. punctulata, L. hordeacea, L. sanguinirostris, L. Astrild, L. cyanea, L. Lineola, L. mexicana, L. Chloris, L. butyracea, L. Collaria, L. benghalensis, L. malabarica, L. fusca, L. melanocephala, L. cana, L. nigra, L. cærulea, L. violacea, L. minuta, L. bicolor). In nomenclature Loxia is used in combination for a variety of finch-like birds, usually distinguished by their curved or thick heavy bills.
Var. Loxias (Gr. λοξιας loxias crooked, an epithet of Apollo, because of his ambiguous oracles).
Synon. Chiasoramphe, Crucirostra, Curvirostra, Loxorynchus.
● (Fringillidae; syn. Coccothraustes † Hawfinch C. coccothraustes) "CONIROSTRES . . .{ Gros-becs. . .Loxia. . .{ Gros-bec...Loxia Bec-croisé...Cruci-rostra" (Cuvier 1800); "Loxia Cuvier, 1800, Leçons d'Anatomie Comparée, I, table I. Type, by monotypy, "Gros-bec" = Loxia coccothraustes Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).- PINAROLOXIAS
(Thraupidae; Ϯ Cocos Finch P. inornata) Gr. πιναρος pinaros dirty, shabby; genus Loxia Linnaeus, 1758, crossbill (cf. genus Loxops Cabanis, 1847, akepa); "CACTORNIS INORNATUS. Cact. corpore superiore nigrescente-fusco ... Hab. Bow Island." (Gould 1843); "d4. Wing very long, exceeding the length of the tail and tarsus combined. c5. Nasal membrane exposed. ... b6. Bill pointed and not festooned, the culmen flattened in front of the nostrils . . . . .9. PINAROLOXIAS, p. 52. ... 9. PINAROLOXIAS. Range. Bow or Harp Island, Low Archipelago. 1. Pinaroloxias inornata." (Sharpe 1885); "Pinaroloxias Sharpe, 1885, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 10, p. [3 (in key),] 52. Type, by monotypy, Cactornis inornata Gould." (Paynter in Peters, 1970, XIII, p. 168). The Cocos Finch, originally thought to be a Galapagos finch from Polynesia, was classified by Sharpe 1885, with Loxops (of a similar bill shape), Loxioides, Psittirostra and others, in Dicaeidae.
Synon. Cocornis.-
Pyrrholoxia (See: Pyrrhuloxia)
Pyrrhuloxia (Cardinalidae; syn. Cardinalis † Pyrrhuloxia C. sinuatus) Portmanteau of genera Pyrrhula Brisson 1760, bullfinch, and Loxia Linnaeus, 1758, crossbill; from its bill and colours the Pyrrhuloxia or Grey Cardinal was considered intermediate between the crossbills and the parrotbills; “1028. Cardinalis, Bp. 1831. a. Pyrrhuloxia. Rostrum compressum, turgidum, sinuatum! Rubro colore tantum indutus! Medius quasi inter Paradoxornitheos et Loxiinas. 1. C. sinuatus, Bp. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837. p. 111. ex Mexico occ. Zacatecas. Rubro cinereoque varius; gula et capistro coccineis: cauda vix rotundata: rostro fusco.” (Bonaparte 1850); "Pyrrhuloxia Bonaparte, 1850, Conspectus Generum Avium, I, p. 500. Type, by monotypy, Cardinalis sinuatus Bonaparte, 1838." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Pyrrholoxia.
