Key to Scientific Names

Legend Overview

UPPERCASE: current genus Uppercase first letter: generic synonym ● and ● See: generic homonyms lowercase: species and subspecies ●: early names, variants, misspellings ‡: extinct †: type species Gr.: ancient Greek L.: Latin <: derived from syn: synonym of /: separates historical and modern geographic names ex: based on TL: type locality OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)

More details: Guide to key entries Standard abbreviations and symbols

The Key to Scientific Names

Edited by James A. Jobling

1 to 84 of 84 results

aethiopica / aethiopicus

L. Aethiopicus Ethiopian, African < Gr. Αιθιοπικος Aithiopikos Ethiopian, negro < αιθω aithō to burn; ωψ ōps, ωπος ōpos face.
● ex “Merle noir et blanc d’Abissinie” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Ethiopian Thrush” of Latham 1783 (Laniarius).
● ex “Abou Hannes” of Bruce 1790 (Threskiornis).

Agelaspicus (See: AGELASTICUS) AGELASTICUS

(Icteridae; Ϯ Yellow-winged Blackbird A. thilius) Gr. αγελαστικος agelastikos gregarious < αγελη agelē herd < αγω agō to lead; "Gen. AGELASTICUS nov. gen. *) Thili oder Rohr-Hordenvogel. 914. 1. A. Thilius Nob. — Turdus Thilius Molina Hist. Nat. Chili pag. 221. — Xanthornus chrysocarpus Vig. Proc. Zool. 1832. p. 3. — id. Gray Gen. Birds No. 5. — Mimus Thilius Gray Gen. B. No. 14. — Icterus chrysopterus Tschudi Faun. peruan. Ornith. p. 34 et 226. (excl. Synon)? — Agelaius xanthocarpus Bonap. Consp. p. 430 No. 5. hornot. ... *)Von αγελασπικος [sic], gesellig, in Heerden lebend. Die Gattung unterscheidet sich von Agelaeus durch verhältnissmässig schwächeren, weniger hohen, gestreckteren, längeren und spitzern Schnabel, sowie durch kürzere Flügel u s. w. Als 2te Art gehört hierher: Agelasticus chrysapterus [sic] Nob. - Agelaius chrysopterus Vieill; Xanthornus! chrysopterus Hartl. nec Vig! ... Xanthornus chrysopterus Vig. ist der Typus unsrer Gattung Archiplanus und darf nicht mit dem gleichnamigen Vogel Hartlaub's verwechselt werden." (Cabanis 1853: both errors in the diagnosis are corrected in the list of misprints after p. 233); "Agelasticus Cabanis, 1853, Museum Heineanum, I, p. 188. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 69), Turdus thilius Molina, 1782." (JAJ 2022).
Var. Agelaspicus.
Synon. Thilius.

Agripicus

(Picidae; syn. Geocolaptes † Ground Woodpecker G. olivaceus) L. ager, agri land, field; picus woodpecker; "*AGRIPICUS . . . . . Arator . . . . . Ager, champ." (Malherbe 1861); "Agripicus Malherbe, 1861, Monogr. Picidées, I, p. LIII. Type, by monotypy, Agripicus arator, i.e. Picus arator Cuvier, 1816 = Picus olivaceus Gmelin, 1788." (JAJ 2021).

alpicus

L. alpicus of high mountains, alpine < alpes or alpis high mountains.

BITUMENPICUS

(‡Picidae; † Asphaltine Woodpecker B. minimus) L. bitumen asphalt; picus woodpecker; "Bitumenpicus Campbell and Bochenski, 2021, Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 101, p. 1013+. Type, by original designation, Bitumenpicus minimus Campbell and Bochenski, 2021." (JAJ 2022) (Fred Ruhe in litt.).

BLYTHIPICUS

(Picidae; Ϯ Maroon Woodpecker B. rubiginosus) Edward Blyth (1810-1873) English zoologist, Curator of Mus. of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta; L. picus woodpecker; "10. BLYTHIPICUS, Bp. — 98. rubiginosus, Sw. (porphyromelas, Boie.) — 99. pyrrhotis, Hodgs." (Bonaparte 1854); "Blythipicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, 1854, p. 124. (Separately paged reprint, Consp. Vol. Zygodact., 1854, p. 9.) Type, by subsequent designation, Picus [i.e. Hemicircus] rubiginosus Swainson. (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 94.)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 224).
Synon. Lepocestes, Phloistes, Plinthopicus, Pyrrhopicus, Venilia.

Brachypternopicus

(Picidae; syn. Dinopium † Black-rumped Woodpecker D. benghalense puncticolle) Genus Brachypternus Strickland, 1841, woodpecker; L. picus woodpecker; "2. P. (Brachypternopicus) RUBROPYGIALIS. ... Ce Pic a quelque rapport avec le Tiga, mais il est plus petit. J'ai vu un sujet femelle de cette espèce, que je crois nouvelle, dans le Muséum Britannique, il provenait du Bengale. ... 7. P. (Brachypternopicus) CHRYSONOTUS, Lesson. ... Picus chrysonotus, Lesson ornith., p. 220; et compl. à Buffon, vol. 9, p. 304. La jeune femelle. — Brachypternopicus puncticollis. L'adult Malherbe. — Brachypternus (Strickland; G. R. Gray). Brachylophus Swains. Ce pic, longtemps confondu avec le Bengalensis auquel il ressemble beaucoup dans le jeune âge, est assez répandu au Bengale et probablement dans toute de l'Inde." (Malherbe 1845); "Brachypternopicus Malherbe, 1845, Revue Zoologique, VIII année, p. 400. Type, by subsequent designation (Hargitt, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, p. 403), B. puncticollis = Brachypternopicus puncticollis Malherbe, 1845." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Brachyternopicus.

Brahmapicus

(Picidae; syn. Dinopium † Black-rumped Woodpecker D. benghalense) Brahma or Brama, the supreme Hindu spirit; L. picus woodpecker; "GENUS 11. - BRAHMAPICUS (Malh.) PICUS (Linn., Gmel., Lath., Cuv., Vieill., Wagl.) BRACHYPTERNUS (Strickl., 1841, Proceed. zool. soc. Lond. p. 31 ... GENRE 11. - BRAHMAPIC. ... BRAHMAPICUS AURANTIUS (Linn., Auctorum, le mâle ... Picus bengalensis (Gmel., la femelle, pl. enl. 695) ... B. —— ERYTHRONOTUS (Vieill., N. dict., XXVI, 2e édit., p. 73). ... ETC. —— ETC." (Malherbe 1849) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Brahmapicus Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, XXX, p. 344. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 19), Picus aurantius Linnaeus, i.e. Strickland, 1852 = Picus benghalensis Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Brahmapicos, Bramapicus.

Breapicus (See: BREACOPUS) BREACOPUS

‡ (Picidae; † Garrett's Woodpecker B. garretti) Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles County, California, USA; Gr. κοπος kopos beating < κοπτω koptō to strike (cf. genus Dryocopus Boie, 1826, woodpecker); "Breacopus Campbell and Bochenski, 2021, Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 101, p. 1013+. Type, by original designation, Breacopus garretti Campbell and Bochenski, 2021." (JAJ 2022) (Fred Ruhe in litt.)
Var. Breapicus.

Callipicus

(Picidae; syn. Dryobates Ϯ Scarlet-backed Woodpecker D. callonotus) Gr. καλλος kallos beauty < καλος kalos beautiful; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "31. CALLIPICUS, Bp. — 202. callonotus, Waterhouse. (cardinalis, Less. nec Gm.)" (Bonaparte 1854); "Callipicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, May, 1854, p. 125. (Consp. Vol. Zygodact., p. 10, no. 31.) (Type, by monotypy, Picus callonotus Waterhouse." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 170).
Var. Gallipicus.

Calopicus

(Picidae; syn. Picus † Greater Yellow-naped Woodpecker P. flavinucha) Gr. καλος kalos beautiful; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "CALOPICUS Flavinucha . . . KAλOΣ, calos, beau" (Malherbe 1861); "Calopicus Malherbe, 1861, Monogr. Picidées, I, p. liii. Type, by monotypy, Calopicus flavinucha, i.e. Picus flavinucha Gould, 1834." (JAJ 2021).

Capnopicus

(Picidae; syn. Dryobates Ϯ Smoky-brown Woodpecker D. fumigatus) Gr. καπνος kapnos smoke; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "22. CAPNOPICUS, Bp. — 168. fumigatus, Orb. — 169. mursii, Mahl. [sic] — 170. oleaginus, Licht." (Bonaparte 1854); "Capnopicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, 1854, p. 125. (Consp. Vol. Zygodact., p. 10, no. 22.) Type, by subsequent designation, Picus fumigatus d'Orbigny. (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 92.)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 170).

caspia / caspica / caspicus

L. Caspius Caspian, of the Caspian Sea.

Celeopicus (See: Celeopicos) Celeopicos

(Picidae; syn. Celeus † Blond-crested Woodpecker C. flavescens) Genus Celeus Boie, 1831, woodpecker; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "GENUS 6. - CELEOPICOS (Malh.). PICUS (Linn., Gmel., Cuv., Vieill., Temm., Wagl.) CELEUS (Boie, Isis, 1831, p. 542 ... MALACOLOPHUS (Swains., Class. of birds, II, p. 309, 1837). Partie des genres {HEMICIRCUS (Swains. 1837 ... HEMICERCUS (G. R. Gray ... GECINUS (Blyth, J. asiat. soc., 1843 ... GENRE 6. CÉLÉOPIC (Malh.) ... CELEOPICOS FLAVESCENS ... C. —— CINNAMOMEUS ... C. —— BADIOÏDES ... C. —— SMARAGDINICOLLIS ... CELEOPICOS TINNUNCULUS ... C. —— MULTICOLOR ... CELEOPICOS RUBIGINOSUS ... C. —— PYRRHOTIS" (Malherbe 1849) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Celeopicos Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, XXX, p. 332. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 19), Picus flavescens Gmelin, 1788." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Celeopicus.

Cerchneipicus

(Picidae; syn. Celeus † Ringed Woodpecker C. torquatus tinnunculus) Genus Cerchneis Boie, 1826, kestrel; L. picus woodpecker; "9. CERCHNEIPICUS, Bp. — 93. tinnunculus, Wagl. — 94. multicolor, Gm. — 95. undatus, L. (rufus?Gm.) — 96. multifasciatus, Natter. — 97. grammicus, Natterer." (Bonaparte 1854); "Cerchneipicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, 1854, p. 123. (Consp. Vol. Zygodact., p. 9.) Type, by subsequent designation, Picus tinnunculus Wagler. (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 93.)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 122) (see tinnunculus).

CHLOROPICUS

(Picidae; † Fire-bellied Woodpecker D. pyrrhogaster) Gr. χλωρος khlōros green; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "1. P. (Chloropicus) PYRRHOGASTER. ... 2. P. (Brachypternopicus) RUBROPYGIALIS. ... 3. P. (Chloropicus) KIRKII. ... 4. P. (Chloropicus) RUFOVIRIDIS. ... 5. P. (Chloropicus) XANTHODERUS." (Malherbe 1845); "Chloropicus Malherbe, 1845, Revue Zoologique, VIII, p. 399. Type here fixed by subsequent designation, Picus (Chloropicus) pyrrhogaster Malherbe, 1845." (JAJ 20/2/2021). Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Royale Metz, XXX, subsequently amended this name to Chloropicos (see Chloropicos).
Synon. Dendrobates, Ipophilus, Polipicus, Thripias.

Chrysopicus

(Picidae; syn. Piculus † Yellow-throated Woodpecker P. flavigula) Gr. χρυσος khrusos gold; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "19. CHRYSOPICUS, Malh. — 142. atricollis, Malh. — 143. canipileus, Orb. — 144. aurulentus, Licht. — 145. polyzonus, Temm. — 146. maculipennis, Lichtenstein. — 147. chlorocephalus, Gm. — 148. leucolæmus, Natter. — 149. erythropsis, Vieill. — 150. flavicollis, Vieill. — 151. capistratus, Natter. — 152. brasiliensis, Sw." (Bonaparte 1854); “Chrysopicus “Malh.” Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 9. Not Chrysopicos Malherbe, 1849. Type, by subsequent designation (Sundevall, 1866, Conspectus Avium Picinarum, pp. 13, 115), Picus chlorocephalus Gmelin, 1788 = Picus flavigula Boddaert, 1783.” (JAJ 2023) (see Chrysopicos).

Chrysoptilopicus

(Picidae; syn. Campethera † Golden-tailed Woodpecker C. abingoni) Gr. χρυσος khrusos gold; πτιλον ptilon feather (cf. genus Chrysoptilus Swainson, 1832, woodpecker); Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker; "6. P. (Chrysoptilopicus) SMITHII. — Masc. ... auchenio, tergo virescentibus, albo-olivaceo maculatis, gutture, pectore nigris, albo-flavo maculatis, cauda nigro-olivaceo, fusco flavescente transversim maculata." (Malherbe 1845); "Chrysoptilopicus Malherbe, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 403. Type, by monotypy, Picus (Chrysoptilopicus) smithii Malherbe." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 116); "82. Campethera abingoni ... In the past, type locality of species erroneously listed as Durban, in KwaZulu-Natal; with rectification, hitherto accepted name smithii becomes junior synonym of nominate." (del Hoyo and Collar, 2014, HBW Illustrated Checklist, 1, Non-passerines, p. 658).

Cirropicus

(Picidae; syn. Picus † Lesser Yellow-naped Woodpecker P. chlorolophus) L. cirrus, cirri lock of hair, tuft, fringe; picus woodpecker; "Wenn ich auch in diesen Eigenthümlichkeiten lediglich spezifische, nicht generische Merkmale erblicke, so sei doch denjenigen, die sich meinem Vorgehen nicht anschließen, der Gebrauch des Gattungsnamens Cirropicus nov. gen. ¹) empfohlen. Typus: Picus chlorolophus Vieill. ... ¹) Als cirrus, eigentlich "Franse", wird von Plinius (nat. hist. XI) der Schopf des Schwarzspechtes (Dryocopus martius [L.]) bezeichnet." (Stresemann 1921); "Cirropicus Stresemann, 1921, Archiv für Naturgesch., 87, Abth. A, Heft 7, p. 71. Type, by original designation, Picus chlorolophus Vieillot, 1818." (JAJ 2021).

Colombpicus

(Picidae; syn. Melanerpes † White Woodpecker M. candidus) Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) Italian or Catalan navigator, pirate, and traditional discoverer of the Americas (1492), who founded Isabella, the first European settlement in the New World, on Hispaniola (1494); L. picus woodpecker. The White Woodpecker was named Picus dominicanus Vieillot, 1818, because of its pied, black and white plumage. Malherbe 1850, the author of this genus, mistakenly thought Vieillot's epithet referred to the island of Santo Domingo or Hispaniola; "Colombpicus Malherbe, Nouv. Classif. Picin., 1850, p. 45 (Type [by monotypy] Picus dominicanus Vieillot, = P. candidus Otto)." (Cory, 1919, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. II (2), p. 432).
Var. Columbipicus, Columbpicus.

Cucupicus

(Lybiidae; syn. Trachyphonus † Crested Barbet T. vaillantii) French Coucou cuckoo; Pic woodpecker; "COUCOUPIC, cucupicus, Less. ... Ce genre a pour type le picus cafer de Latham, ou promépic de Levaillant. ... Ce sont des pics qui cherchent à terre leur nourriture, mais dont les mœurs ne sont pas connues" (Lesson 1828); "Cucupicus Lesson, 1828, Manuel d'Ornithologie, II, p. 116. Type, by original designation, Picus cafer Latham, i.e. Vieillot, 1818 (not of Gmelin, 1789) = Trachyphonus vaillantii Ranzani, 1821." (JAJ 2021).

Dendropicus (See: DENDROPICOS) DENDROPICOS

(Picidae; † Cardinal Woodpecker D. fuscescens lafresnayi) Portmanteau of genera Dendrobates Swainson, 1831, woodpecker, and Picus Linnaeus, 1758, woodpecker. "DENDROPICOS (Malh.) ... DENDROPIC. Bec droit et assez fort, côtés très-comprimés; la base large; sillons latéraux bien plus rapprochés des bords que du sommet de la mandibule supérieure. Narines basales, latérales, cachées par une petite touffe de plumes déliées et rebroussées ... Dans le genre Dendropicos et le genre Dryopicos, j'ai voulu adopter des dénominations rappelant tout à la fois celles de MM. Swainson et G. R. Gray [Dendrobates] qui leur correspondent, et le genre originaire linnéen [Picus]" (Malherbe 1849); "Dendropicos Malherbe, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, 30, 1848-49 (after May 1849), p. 316, 338. Type, by subsequent designation, Dendropicos lafresnayi Malherbe. (Sclater, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 42, 1921, p. 25.)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 176) (cf. "Dendropicos, Malh. == Dendrobates, Swains. 1837. Type, D. fulviscapus (Licht.)" (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 19)).
Var. Dendropicus.
Synon. Dendrobates, Ipoctonus, Ipopatis, Mesopicos, Scolecotheres.
● (Picidae; syn. Dryobates † Red-stained Woodpecker D. affinis) "1555. DENDROPICOS, Malh. 1849. Dendrobates, Sw. 1831, nec Wagl. 1830. (Picus affinis, Sw.)" (G. Gray 1855; "Dendropicos "Malh." G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 92 (not of Malherbe, 1849). Type, by original designation, Picus affinis Swainson, 1821." (JAJ 2021).

Desertipicus

(Picidae; syn. Dendrocopos † Arabian Woodpecker D. dorae) L. desertum desert < deserere to abandon; picus woodpecker; "Some time ago Mr. H. St. J. Philby sent a young Woodpecker from Arabia, which appeared to belong to an undescribed form. Recently several adult specimens have arrived at the Museum, and, after a careful comparison with the Woodpeckers of the Palæarctic and Ethiopian regions, we have come to the conclusion that it agrees with no described genus, but appears to be intermediate between Dryobates, Mesopicos, and Dendropicos. We therefore propose to describe it as DESERTIPICUS, gen. nov. A medium-sized Woodpecker with wing-markings as in Dryobates, but differing from that genus in the absence of of the characteristic malar stripe and white on scapulars and back. In the uniform colour of the back this genus resembles some species of Mesopicos, but differs in the absence of the green or yellow in the plumage and the colour of the spots on the wing being pure white, not tinged with yellow or green. From Dendropicos the new genus is distinguished by the comparative longer tail and bill, as compared with the wing. Type of genus, Desertipicus doræ Bates & Kinnear. Desertipicus doræ, sp. nov. ... Named in honour of Mrs. Dora Philby, wife of Mr. H. St. J. Philby." (Bates & Kinnear 1935); "Desertipicus Bates and Kinnear, 1935, Bull. British Ornith. Club, LV, (no. CCCLXXXVII.), p. 156. Type, by original designation, Desertipicus dorae Bates and Kinnear, 1935." (JAJ 2020).

Dinopicus (See: DINOPIUM) DINOPIUM

(Picidae; Ϯ Common Flame-back D. javanense) Gr. δεινος deinos mighty, huge; ωψ ōps, ωπος ōpos appearance; "Description de 4 nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux de l'Ile de Java, observés dans le museum de Mr. Peale à Philadelphie, Turnix javanica, Dinopium (Picoides) erythronotus, Hirundo longipennis et Sylvia cuneata." (Rafinesque 1814); "Dinopium Rafinesque, Principes Fondamentaux de Somiologie, 1814, p. 2 of cover. Type, by monotypy, Dinopium (Picoides) erythronotus Rafinesque, which is based on "le picoïde à dos rouge", Bull. des Sciences de Soc. Philom., Paris, 3, 1803, p. 146 = Picus javanensis Ljungh." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 143).
Var. Dinopicus (Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker).
Synon. Brachypternopicus, Brachypternus, Brahmapicus, Chrysonotus, Tiga.

Driopicus

(Picidae; syn. Dryocopus † Pileated Woodpecker D. pileatus) Gr. δρυς drus, δρυος druos tree; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "a. Dryocopus, Bp. — 20. martius, L. b. Driopicus, Malh. — 21. pileatus, L. — 22. galeatus, Natter. — 23. erythrops, Cuv. (semitorquatus, Lichtenst. — melanotus, Natter.) — 24. scapularis, Vig. — 25. regius, Licht." (Bonaparte 1854); "Driopicus "Malh." Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 8 (not Dryopicos Malherbe, 1849). Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 91), Picus pileatus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).

Dryopicus (See: Dryopicos) Dryopicos

(Picidae; syn. Dryocopus † Black Woodpecker D. martius) Gr. δρυς drus, δρυος druos tree; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "GENUS 2. - DRYOPICOS (Malh.). DIOMEDEA (Mœhring, av. gen. 1752). PICUS (Linn., Gmel., Vieill., Temm., Cuv., Wagl.) DRYOCOPUS (Boie, isis, 1826). CARBONARIUS (Kaup, Entw. gesch. natur. syst. Eur. Thierw., 1829.) DRYOTOMUS (Swains. et Rich., Faun. bor. Amer., 1831 ... HEMILOPHUS (Swains., Class. of birds, 1837, II, p. 309. ... GENRE 2. -DRYOPIC. ... DRYOPICOS MARTIUS (Linn. - pl. enl. 596). D. —— GALEATUS (Natter. Temm., pl. col. 171). D. —— ERYTHROPS (Cuv. sed non Wagl.)" (Malherbe 1849) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Dryopicos Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, XXX, p. 320. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 18), Picus martius Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Dryopicus.

Dyctiopicus

(Picidae; syn. Dendrocopos † Checkered Woodpecker D. mixtus) Gr. δικτυον diktuon net, lattice < δικειν dikein to throw; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "a. Dyctiopicus, Bp. ― 29. bicolor, Gm. (cancellatus, Wagl.) Pl. enl. 748. ― 30. lignarius, Molina. (albivittatus, Natter.) ― 31? kaupi, Hartl. ― 32. scalaris, Licht. (gracilis, Less. ― parvus, Cabot.) ― 33. wagleri, Malh. nec Hartl." (Bonaparte 1854); "Dyctiopicus Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 8. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 91), Picus bicolor Gmelin, 1788 = Picus mixtus Boddaert, 1783." (JAJ 2021).

Eleopicus

(Picidae; syn. Dryobates † Little Woodpecker D. passerinus olivinus) Gr. ελαια elaia olive; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "b. Eleopicus, Bp. —161. olivinus, Natter. —162. adspersus, Natter. —163. nigriceps, Orb. —164. affinis, Sw. —165. passerinus, L. —166. tephrodops, Wagl. (striolatus, Less. – senegalensis Gm. exclus. patria.) —167. murinus, Natter." (Bonaparte 1854); "Eleopicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, 1854, p. 125. (Consp. Vol. Zygodact., p. 10, no. 21 b.) Type, by subsequent designation, Picus olivinus Natterer. (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 92.)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 170).

Geopicus (See: Geopicos) Geopicos

(Picidae; syn. Colaptes † Northern Flicker C. auratus) Gr. γεω- geō- ground-, earth- < γη gē earth; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "GENUS 15. - GEOPICOS (Malh.). PICUS (Linn., Lath., Cuv., Vieill., Temm., Wagl.) CHRYSOPTILUS, en partie (Swains., 1831, Faun. bor. amer., vol. 2, p. 300. ... COLAPTES (Swains., Zool. j., 1827, III, p. 553. ... GEOCOLAPTES (Burchell, Ois. d'Afr. 1825 ... GENRE 15. - GÉOPIC. ... GEOPICOS CAMPESTRIS (Licht., Doubl. cat., nº 60. ... G. AURATUS (Linn., Syst., 174" (Malherbe 1849) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Geopicos Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Royale Metz, XXX, p. 357. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, in Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 20), G. auratus (Linn.), i.e. Cuculus auratus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Geopicus.

Hyopicus (See: Hypopicus) Hypopicus

(Picidae; syn. Dendrocopos † Rufous-bellied Woodpecker D. hyperythrus) Gr. ὑπο hupo beneath; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "6. PICUS, L. ... f. Hypopicus, Bp. — 62. hyperythrus, Vig. — 63. cathphorius, Hodgson. — 64. darjellensis, Blyth. (majoroides, Hodgs.)" (Bonaparte 1854); "Hypopicus Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 8. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 91), Picus hyperythrus Vigors, 1831." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Hyopicus.

Indopicus

(Picidae; syn. Chrysocolaptes † Greater Flame-backed Woodpecker C. guttacristatus sultaneus) L. India India; picus woodpecker; "GENUS 10. - INDOPICUS (Malh.) PICUS (Linn., Vieill., Temm., Cuv., Hodgson., Wagl.) DENDROCOPUS (Jerdon, Madras journ., XI, p. 212, 1840) CHRYSOCOLAPTES (Blyth, J. asiat. soc. Beng., XII, p. 1004, 1843 ... GENRE 10 - INDOPIC. ... (De l'Inde et de ses archipels). INDOPICUS SULTANEUS ... J. —— STRICTUS ... J. —— GOENSIS ... J. —— DELESSERTI ... ETC. ——ETC." (Malherbe 1849) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Indopicus Malherbe, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, XXX, p. 342. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 19), C. sultaneus (Hodgs.) = Picus sultaneus Hodgson, 1837." (JAJ 2021).

Iungipicus (See: YUNGIPICUS) YUNGIPICUS

(Picidae; † Brown-capped Pygmy Woodpecker Y. nanus) Portmanteau of genera Yunx Linnaeus, 1766, wryneck, and Picus Linnaeus, 1758, woodpecker; "6. PICUS, L. ... h. Yungipicus, Bp. - 67. hardwicki, Jard.[sic] (variegatus? Wagl.) - 68. mitchelli, Malh. - 69. auritus, Eyton. (validirostris, Blyth.) - 70. gymnophthalmus, Blyth. - 71. moluccensis, Gm. - 72. macei, Vieill. et Temm. (wagleri, Hartl.) - 73. analis, Temm. et Bp. (pectoralis, Blyth.) - 74. kisuki, Temm. - 75. temmincki, Malh. - 76. trisulensis, Licht. (canicapillus, Blyth.) - 77. scintilla, Natterer. - 78. semicoronatus, Malh. (rubricatus, Blyth.) - 79. pygmæus, Vig. et Auct. - 80. nanus, Vig. (cinereigula, Malh. adult.)" (Bonaparte 1854); "Yungipicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, vol. ii. No. 8 (Consp. Vol. Zygod.), 854 [sic = 1854], p. 123. Type (by subsequent designation, Gray, 1855, p. 91): Picus hardwickii Jerd." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 424): "194. Picoides nanus ... Birds in E peninsular India described as race hardwickii, but considered to represent clinal variation." (del Hoyo and Collar, 2014, HBW Illustrated Checklist, 1, Non-passerines, p. 676).
Var. Iyngopicus, Iungipicus, Iygipicus, Iyngipicus, Jyngipicus, Yunxipicus, Yyngipicus.

Lampropicus

(Picidae; syn. Piculus † White-browed Woodpecker P. aurulentus) Gr. λαμπρος lampros bright, radiant; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "*LAMPROPICUS . . .Aurulentus . . .ΛAMΠPOΣ, lampros, brillant" (Malherbe 1861); "Lampropicus Malherbe, 1861, Monogr. Picidées, I, p. liii. Type, by monotypy, Lampropicus aurulentus Malherbe, 1861 = Picus aurulentus Temminck, 1823." (JAJ 2021).

LEIOPICUS

(Picidae; † Yellow-crowned Woodpecker L. mahrattensis) Gr. λειος leios smooth, beardless; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "g. Leiopicus, Bp. — 65. mahrattensis, Lath. — 66. brunneifrons, Vig." (Bonaparte 1854); "Leiopicus Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 8. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 91), Picus mahrattensis Latham, 1801." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Liopicus.

Leuconotopicus

(Picidae; syn. Dryobates † Strickland's Woodpecker D. stricklandi) Gr. λευκος leukos white; νωτον nōton back; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "1. P. (Leuconotopicus) STRICKLANDI. — Fœm. — Supra fusco-nigro, dorso albo striato ... 2. P. (Leuconotopicus) JARDINII. ... 3. P. (Leuconotopicus) NUMIDICUS (Dendrocopus Swains; Picus. G. R. GRAY)." (Malherbe 1845); "Leuconotopicus Malherbe, 1845, Revue Zoologique, p. 373. Type, by subsequent designation (Ridgway, 1914, Birds North and Middle America, VI, p. 194), Picus stricklandi Malherbe, 1845. The typification of Picus major Linnaeus, 1758, by G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 91, is erroneous." (JAJ 2020).

Leucopicus

(Picidae; syn. Melanerpes † White Woodpecker M. candidus) Gr. λευκος leukos white; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker;"15me GENRE. - LEUCOPIC. LEUCOPICUS. (Malherbe.) ... Ce genre ne se compose, jusqu'ici, que d'une seule espèce, de l'Amérique méridionale, le Leucopic dominicain (Picus [Leuc.] dominicanus), Vieillot" (des Murs 1853); "Leucopicus des Murs, in Chenu, 1853, Encyclop. Hist. Nat., I, p. 239. Type, by monotypy, Picus dominicanus Vieillot, 1818 = Picus candidus Otto, 1796." (JAJ 2021).

Lichtensteinipicus

(Picidae; syn. Mulleripicus † Sooty Woodpecker M. funebris) Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein (1780-1857) German zoologist, explorer and collector in South Africa 1802-1806, Director of Zool. Mus. Berlin; genus Picus Linnaeus, 1758, woodpecker (cf. anagram of specific name Picus lichtensteini Wagler, 1827 (= syn. Mulleripicus funebris)); "3. HEMILOPHUS, Sw. ... b. Lichtensteinipicus, Bp. — 16. modestus, Vig. (funebris, Valenc.)" (Bonaparte 1854); "Hemilophus b Lichtensteinipicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, May, 1854, p. 122. (Consp. Vol. Zygodact., p. 7.) Type by monotypy, Picus modestus Vigors = Picus funebris Valenciennes." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 149).

Linnaeipicus (See: Linneopicus) Linneopicus

(Picidae; syn. Melanerpes † Guadeloupe Woodpecker M. herminieri) Carolus Linnaeus or Carl von Linné (1707-1778) Swedish botanist, naturalist, physician, father of binomial nomenclature; L. picus woodpecker; "GENUS 18. — LINNEOPICUS (Malh.). PICUS (Lesson), traité d'ornith., 1831. — O. Des murs, iconogr., ornith., pl. 38. COLAPTES (Swains.) GENRE 18. — LINNEOPIC. ... Ce genre composé jusqu'ici d'une seule espèce, est voisin des Géopics et des Melanopics de ma seconde section. (Des Antilles.) LINNEOPICUS HERMINIERI (Lesson, traité d'ornith., 1831, p. 228, no 58. — O. Des murs, Iconogr. ornith. pl. 38, 1847)." (Malherbe 1850) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "LINNOEIPICUS (MALH.). . .Herminieri. ... LINNEIPICUS. . .Herminieri. . .Linnæus, nom d'homme" (Malherbe 1861); "Linneopicus Malherbe, Nouv. Classif. Picinées 1850, p. 52. Type, by monotypy, Picus herminieri Lesson." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 157).
Var. Linnaeipicus, Linneipicus, Linneopicos, Linnoeipicus.

Macropicus

(Picidae; syn. Mulleripicus † Great Slaty Woodpecker M. pulverulentus) Gr. μακρος makros great; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "[GENRES] *MACROPICUS . . . [ESPÈCES] Pulverulentus, leucogaster, fulvus, etc. . . . [SYNONYMIES] MAKPOΣ, macros, long." (Malherbe 1861); "Macropicus Malherbe, 1861, Monographie des Picidées, I, p. LIII. Type, by subsequent designation (Hargitt, 1890, Cat. Birds British Museum, XVIII, p. 494), H. pulverulentus = Picus pulverulentus Temminck, 1826." (JAJ 2020).

Malherbepicus (See: Malherbipicus) Malherbipicus

(Picidae; syn. Colaptes † Campo Flicker C. campestris) Prof. Alfred Malherbe (1804-1865) French jurist, ornithologist; L. picus woodpecker; "g. Colapteæ. 39. MALHERBIPICUS, Bp. — 226. campestris, Licht. (chrysosternus, Sw.) — 227. campestroides, Malh." (Bonaparte 1854); "Malherbipicus Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 11. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 93), Picus campestris Licht., i.e. Vieillot, 1818." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Malherbepicus.

Megapicus (See: Megapicos) Megapicos

(Picidae; syn. Campephilus † Ivory-billed Woodpecker C. principalis) Gr. μεγας megas, μεγαλη megalē grand; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "GENUS 1. — MEGAPICOS. PICUS (Linn., Gmel., Briss., Lath., Temm., Vieill., Wagl., Cuv., Dum., Lacép., Illig., Swains., 1837, Class. of birds, II, pag. 306). DRYOCOPUS, 2e divis. (Boie, isis, 1826). DENDROCOPUS (Koch, 1816. — C. L. Bonaparte, 1838, A geogr. comp. list. gen. 175, p. 39). CAMPEPHILUS et partie du genre DRYOCOPUS (G. R. Gray. A list of the genera, 1841, p. 54; The gen. of birds, 1845). GENRE 1. — MÉGAPIC. ... Ce genre comprend les géants des Picinées, et toutes les espéces sont d'une forte taille. ... MEGAPICOS IMPERIALIS (Gould, proceed. zool. soc. Lond., 1832, p. 140. ... M. —— PRINCIPALIS (Linn., syst. I, p. 173, no. 2. ... M. —— MALHERBII (G. R. Gray, The genera of birds, 1845, pl. 108). ... M. —— ALBIROSTRIS (Vieill., Nouv. dict., XXVI, p. 69. ... M. —— VALIDUS (Temm., pl. col. 378." (Malherbe 1849); "Megapicos Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, XXX, p. 317. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 18), Picus principalis Linnaeus, 1758" (JAJ 2021).
Var. Megapicus.

Melampicus (See: Melampicos) Melampicos

(Picidae; syn. Melanerpes † Red-headed Woodpecker M. erythrocephalus) Gr. μελαμ- melam- black < μελας melas, μελανος melanos black; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "GENUS 17. — MELAMPICOS (Malh.) PICUS (Linn. ... MELANERPES (Swains. ... LEUCONERPES (Swains. ... Partie du genre CENTURUS (G. R. Gray ... Partie du genre DRYOBATES (Boie ... GENRE 17. — MELANOPIC. ... Plumage géneralement noir ou noirâtre sur les parties supérieures. Le mâle n'ayant pas de bande ou de moustache rouge près la mandibule inférieure. (De l'Amérique et des Antilles). ... MELAMPICOS HIRUNDINACEUS ... M. —— FLAVIFRONS ... Picus rubriventris ... MELAMPICOS HERMINIERI ... MELAMPICOS ERYTHROCEPHALUS ... Picus obscurus ... M. —— TORQUATUS ... M. —— MELANOPOGON ... Picus formicivorus ... MELAMPICOS DOMINICANUS ... Picus candidus ... Picus bicolor ... Picus melanopterus ... Picus monachus" (Malherbe 1849); "Melampicos Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, XXX, p. 363. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 19), Picus erythrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Melanopicos, Melampicus.

Meropicus

(Picidae; syn. Melanerpes † Yellow-tufted Woodpecker M. cruentatus) Gr. μεροψ merops bee-eater (i.e. curve-billed); Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "[GENRES] *MEROPICUS . . . [ESPÈCES] Hirundinaceus . . . [SYNONYMIES] Mérops, guêpier." (Malherbe 1861); this name, not otherwise used, occurs in a table of genera and sections that the author had exchanged with Prince Bonaparte in correspondence; later in his monograph Malherbe uses Tripsurus Swainson for this form; "Meropicus Malherbe, 1861, Monogr. Picidées, I, p. liii. Type, by monotypy, Picus hirundinaceus Gmelin, 1788 = Picus cruentatus Boddaert, 1783." (JAJ 2021).

Mesopicus (See: Mesopicos) Mesopicos

(Picidae; syn. Dendropicos † African Grey Woodpecker D. goertae) Gr. μεσος mesos middle, intermediate; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "MESOPICOS (Malh.). ... Ce genre est assez nombreux. (De l'Afrique et de l'Amérique). MESOPICOS GOERTAN ... M. —— PASSERINUS ... M. —— KIRKII ... M. —— FUMIGATUS ... M. —— SANGUINEUS ... M. —— CECILII ... M. —— DESMURI ... ETC. ——ETC. ... Ce genre fait partie du genre Dendrobates du M. G. R. Gray, qui lui attribue à tort pour rémiges les plus longues la seconde, la troisième et la quatrième penne." (Malherbe 1849); "Mesopicos Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, XXX, pp. 316, 340. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 19), M. goertan (Gm.) = Picus goertae P. L. Statius Müller, 1776." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Mesopicus.

Micropicus (See: Micropicos) Micropicos

(Picidae; syn. Hemicircus Ϯ Grey-and-buff Woodpecker H. concretus) Gr. μικρος mikros small; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "GENUS 5. - MICROPICOS (Malh.) PICUS (Linn., Reinw., Temm., Less., Wagler). DRYOCOPUS, 3^edivis. (Boie ... HEMICIRCUS (Swains. ... HEMICERCUS (G. R. Gray ... GENRE 5. - MICROPIC ... Ce genre, peu nombreux, se compose d'espèces de très-petite taille. ... MICROPICOS CONCRETUS (Reinw. ... M. CANENTE (Lesson" (Malherbe 1849) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Micropicos Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, XXX, pp. 316, 330. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 19), Picus concretus Temminck, 1821." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Micropicus.

MULLERIPICUS

(Picidae; Ϯ Great Slaty Woodpecker M. pulverulentus) Salomon Müller (1804-1864) German explorer, collector in the East Indies (cf. specific name Hemilophus muelleri Bonaparte, 1850 (= syn. M. pulverulentus)); L. picus woodpecker; "3. HEMILOPHUS, Sw. a. Mulleripicus, Bp. — 15. pulverulentus, Temm. (mackloti, Wagl. — mulleri, Bp.)" (Bonaparte 1854); "Hemilophus a Mulleripicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, May, 1854, p. 122. (Consp. Vol. Zygodact., p. 7.) Type, by monotypy, Picus pulverulentus Temminck. ... Hemilophus Swainson, 1837, the oldest name for this genus is preoccupied by Hemilophus Audinet-Serville, 1835, Coleoptera." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 149). The student who delves into Prince Bonaparte’s passion for coining new names will find some fascinating material, but will be frustrated by the lack of explanation accompanying a large portion of them. Many of his contemporaries, and subsequent ornithologists of a less intuitive perception, were horrified and dismayed by his disregard for grammar and the classics. He was the darling of French ornithologists, who regarded him as “l’un des ornithologistes les plus célèbres de l’Europe”, but Cabanis raged about barbarisms which were neither Greek nor Latin, Coues dismissed his later work as worthless and pernicious, and Sharpe refused to recognise or use any of the Prince’s “nonsense- names” such as Mulleripicus, Graydidascalus, Kaupifalco and Reinwardtoena.
Var. Muelleripicus.
Synon. Alophonerpes, Alophus, Hemilophus, Lichtensteinipicus, Macropicus, Microstictus.

Notopicus

(Picidae; syn. Campethera † Knysna Woodpecker C. notata) Gr. νοτος notos south; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "The typical Chrysoptilopicus must contain the type species and C. abingoni A. Smith, and the subgenus Chrysopicus would include our species C. bennetti (A. Smith) and C. capricornis (Strickland and Scl.). The single species P. notatus Lichtenstein is characterised by its entirely different style of coloration and has the tail longer in proportion to the wing than in the preceding, the wing itself more rounded in shape. I make it the type of a new genus NOTOPICUS." (A. Roberts 1922); "Notopicus A. Roberts, 1922, Annals Transvaal Mus., VIII (4), p. 222. Type, by original designation, Picus notatus Lichtenstein, 1823." (JAJ 2020).

olympicus

Mt. Olympus, Troodos Mts., Cyprus.

opicus

L. opicus foolish, clownish, stupid, ignorant < Opici, Opicorum Oscans, a primitive people of Campania.

Palaeopicus

‡ (Coliidae; syn. Urocolius Ϯ Swamp Mousebird U. paludicola) Gr. παλαιος palaios old, ancient; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker.

Pardipicus

(Picidae; syn. Campethera † Brown-eared Woodpecker C. caroli) L. pardus, pardi leopard < Gr. παρδος pardos leopard; picus woodpecker; "c. Chrysoptileæ. — † Africanæ. ... *1149. Pardipicus, Bp." (Bonaparte 1854, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), sér. 4, I, 129 (nom. nud.)); "17. PARDIPICUS, Bp. — *135. nigriguttatus, Verr. — 136. caroli, Malh. 1850. — 137. nivosus, Sw. (pardinus, Temm.)" (Bonaparte 1854, Consp. Vol. Zygod., 9); "Pardus, léopard (d'après M. Temminck, qui avait nommé le Nivosus, Pardinus, au Muséum de Leyde)" (Malherbe 1861); "Pardipicus Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 9. Type, by subsequent designation (Malherbe, 1861, Monograph des Picidées, I, p. LIII), Pardipicus caroli, i.e. Chloropicus Caroli Malherbe, 1852." (JAJ 2019). Hargitt, 1890, Cat. Birds British Museum, XVIII, p. 293, erroneously gives Dendropicus gabonensis as the type of Pardipicus (see Stictocraugus). Recent work (Dowsett & Gregory 2020) indicates that this genus should be recognised.

Phaiopicus

(Picidae; syn. Micropternus † Rufous Woodpecker M. brachyurus) Gr. φαιος phaios brown; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "Phaiopicus, Malh. ... b. PHAIOPICUS. Gula squamulata nec striata. 3. PICUS rufinotus, Malh. 1844. ... 4. Meiglyptes gularis, Jerd. ... 5. PICUS brachyurus, Vieill. ... *6. PICUS badiosus, Temm. ... Genus vix hujus Subfam. potius ad Hemicercos approximandum!" (Bonaparte 1850); "Phaiopicus "Malherbe" Bonaparte, 1850, Conspectus Generum Avium, I (1), p. 113. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 94), Picus brachyurus Vieillot, 1818." (JAJ 2021).

Phoeopicus (See: Phaiopicos) Phaiopicos

(Picidae; syn. Meiglyptes † Zebra Woodpecker M. tristis) Gr. φαιος phaios brown; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "GENUS 7. - PHAIOPICOS (Malh.) PICUS (Temm., Horsf., Cuv., Vieill., Wagl.) MEIGLYPTES (Swains. ... MICROPTERNUS (Blyth. ... GENRE 7. - PHAIOPIC. ... Plumage brun-roux chocolat ou brun noirâtre. ... PHAIOPICOS BRACHYURUS (Vieill., Nouv. dict., XXVI, p. 113. ... P. —— PECTORALIS (Lath., Wagl., Syst. av. no. 74. ... P. —— JERDONII (Malh., Revue et mag. zool., 1849) P. —— BLYTHII (Malh., Revue et mag. zool., 1849). ... PHAIOPICUS TRISTIS (Horsf., Raffles., Catal. javan. birds, p. 177." (Malherbe 1849); "Phaiopicos Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, XXX, p. 336. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 19), Picus tristis Horsfield, 1821." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Phoeopicus.

Phrenopicus

(Picidae; syn. Leuconotopicus † Red-cockaded Woodpecker L. borealis) Gr. φρην phrēn, φρηνος phrēnos midriff, breast, heart; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "6. PICUS, L. ... b. Phrenopicus, Bp. — 34. querulus, Wilson. (leucotis, Ill. — borealis, Vieill.) — 35. jardinii, Malh. — 36. stricklandi, Malh." (Bonaparte 1854); "Phrenopicus Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 8. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 91), Picus querulus Wilson, 1810 = Picus borealis Vieillot, 1807." (JAJ 2021).

picus

L. picus woodpecker, a bird used in augury.
● ex “Talapiot de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 605, “Talapiot” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Climbing Oriole” of Latham 1782 (Dendroplex).
● ex “Piegrièche Rouge à Plastron Blanc” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 65 (artefact).

PICUS

(Picidae; † Eurasian Green Woodpecker P. viridis) L. picus woodpecker (Roman myth. Picus, king of Latium who married the beauteous nymph and songstress Canens, and was changed into a woodpecker by the spiteful Circe, whose affections he had spurned); "54. PICUS. Rostrum polyedrum, rectum: apice cuneato. Nares pennis setaceis obtectæ. Lingua teres, lumbriciformis, longissima, mucronata, apice retrorsum aculeata setis. ... Lingua Picorum & Jyngis inseritur fronti. Intestina cæcis carent. ... Pici Larvas insectorum lignum intus rodentium rostro fecante, sono terrefaciente, auditu percipiente: lingua acuta hastata intranse extrahunt, de qua Act. angl. 350. p. 509." (Linnaeus 1758); “The type of this Linnean genus has been fixed on various species out of the thirteen originally contained in it. Gray (List Gen. Bds. 1840, p. 54) selected major, Hargitt (Cat. Bds. B. M. xviii. 1890, p. 518) martius; but Swainson (Zool. Illustr. 1st ser. i. 1820, pl. 14), who appears to have been the first author to designate the type, made it viridis, and this the Committee believe should be accepted.” (BOU 1915);"Picus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 112. Type, by subsequent designation, Picus viridis Linné. (Swainson, Zool. Illustr., 1, 1820, text to pl. 4.)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 130). Linnaeus's Picus comprised thirteen species (P. martius, P. principalis, P. pileatus, P. hirundinaceus, P. erythrocephalus, P. carolinus, P. viridis, P. benghalensis, P. semirostris, P. major, P. medius, P. minor, P. tridactylus).
Var. Picas, Pigus.
Synon. Brachylophus, Calopicus, Chrysopterus, Cirropicus, Dryocolaptes, Poliopicus.
• (Picidae; syn. Dendrocopos † Great Spotted Woodpecker D. major) "3. Picus, Linn., Malh. = Picus, Linn., 1735. Type, P. major (Linn.)" (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 18).
• (Picidae; syn. Dryocopus † Black Woodpecker D. martius) (see above).

Pipripicus

(Picidae; syn. Dendrocopos † White-backed Woodpecker D. leucotos) Portmanteau of specific combination Picus Pipra Pallas, 1811 (= syn. Dendrocopos minor) (cf. Gr. πιπρα pipra small unidentified bird, here regarded as a spotted woodpecker; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker); "d. Pipripicus, Bp. — 50. leuconotus, Bechst. — 51. uralensis, Malh. — 52. medius, L. — 53. minor, L. (pipra, Pall.)" (Bonaparte 1854); "Pipripicus Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 8. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 91), Picus leuconotus Gm., i.e. Picus leucotos Bechstein, 1803." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Pipricus.

Pituipicus

(Picidae; syn. Colaptes † Chilean Flicker C. pitius) Portmanteau of specific name Picus pitius Molina, 1782; "42. PITUIPICUS, Bp. — 236. chilensis, Less. (cuculinus, Licht.)" (Bonaparte 1854); "Pituipicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, 1854, p. 126. (Consp. Vol. Zygodact., p. 11). Type, by monotypy, Picus chilensis [Garnot and] Lesson = Picus pitius Molina." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 100).

pityopicus

Gr. πιτυς pitus, πιτυος pituos pine-tree; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker.

Plinthopicus

(Picidae; syn. Blythipicus † Maroon Woodpecker B. rubiginosus) Gr. πλινθος plinthos brick (i.e. brick-coloured); Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "[GENRES] *PLINTHOPICUS [ESPÈCES] Rubiginosus [SYNONYMIES] ΠΛINΘOΣ, plinthos, brique" (Malherbe 1861); "Plinthopicus Malherbe, 1861, Monogr. Picidées, II, p. liii. Type, by monotypy, Plinthopicus rubiginosus Malherbe, i.e. Hemicircus rubiginosus Swainson, 1837." (JAJ 2021).

Poliopicus

(Picidae; syn. Picus † Grey-headed Woodpecker P. canus) Gr. πολιος polios grey; genus Picus Linnaeus, 1758, woodpecker; "So z. B. bildet Gecinus canus Gmel. ein eigenes Subgenus, das auch in seiner Lebensart von G. viridis mit den Arten Awokera, Vaillantii abweicht. Sie unterscheiden sich durch geringere Grösse, etwas bushige Bedeckung der Nasenlöcher, schmäleren Schnurrbart und verhältnissmässig langere Kinnsymphyse. Ich nenne dieselben Poliopicus." (Kaup in Röder 1877) (Laurent Raty in litt.); "Poliopicus Kaup in Röder, 1877, Grundriss Syst. Nat. Kaup, p. 116. Type, by monotypy, Gecinus canus Gmel., i.e. Picus canus Gmelin, 1788." (JAJ 2020).

Polipicus

(Picidae; syn. Chloropicus † Elliot's Woodpecker C. elliotii) Gr. πωλος pōlos maiden (i.e. small) (cf. πολυς polus ample (ref. tail)); genus Picus Linnaeus, 1758, woodpecker; "3. Genus POLIPICUS, nobis. Belonging to the group Gecininæ, G. R. Gray, and allied to the genus Gecinus, Boie, especially to a subgroup of which Gecinus puniceus (Horsf.) is the type. ... The present species is unusually small for a bird of the group to which I regard it as belonging. 4. POLIPICUS ELLIOTII, nobis. ... This is a very curious little woodpecker, having the general form of and even a larger tail than usual in Gecinus, and in its group is quite remarkable for its small size" (Cassin 1863); "Polipicus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1863, p. 196. Type, by monotypy, Polipicus elliotii Cassin." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 219).

pontocaspicus

Mod. L. Pontocaspicus Ponto-Caspian or Pontic-Caspian, of the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas.

Promepicus

(Lybiidae; syn. Trachyphonus † Crested Barbet T. vaillantii) Portmanteau of French names promerops here used in the widest sense for a variety of curve-billed species, and pic woodpecker (cf. genera Promerops Brisson, 1760, sugarbird, and Picus Linnaeus, 1758, woodpecker); "LE PROMÉPIC ... La place de cet oiseau, celle qu'il tient dans l'ordre de la nature, est donc à la suite des promerops, proprement dits, et des grimpars, formant le passage de ces derniers au genre des pics" (Levaillant 1807); "Notre genre Barbican (Pogonias) se subdivisera donc géographiquement en quatre sous-genres ... 3º celui de PROMÉPIC, Levaill. (Promepicus, Nob.), ayant pour type le Promépic de cet auteur (Prom., pl. 32)" (de La Fresnaye 1843); "Promepicus de La Fresnaye, 1843, Dict. Univers. Hist. Nat., II, p. 463. Type, by original designation, "Le Promépic" of Levaillant = Trachyphonus vaillantii Ranzani, 1821." (JAJ 2021).

Pyroupicus

(Picidae; syn. Dendrocopos † Red-cockaded Woodpecker D. borealis) Gr. πυρ pur, πυρος puros fire; ους ous, ωτος ōtos ear; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "*PYROUPICUS. . . Querulus, pygmæus, moluccensis, etc. ΠYP, pur, feu; OYΣ, ous, oreille" (Malherbe 1861); "Pyroupicus Malherbe, 1861, Monographie des Picidées, I, p. liii. Type, by subsequent designation (Hargitt, 1890, Cat. Birds British Museum, XVIII, p. 201), Picus querulus Bonaparte, 1826 = Picus borealis Vieillot, 1807." (JAJ 2021).

Pyrrhopicus

(Picidae; syn. Blythipicus † Bay Woodpecker B. pyrrhotis) Gr. πυρρος purrhos flame-coloured, red < πυρ pur, πυρος puros fire; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "*PYRRHOPICUS . .. .Pyrrhotis . . .ΠYP, pur, feu" (Malherbe 1861); "Pyrrhopicus Malherbe, 1861, Monographie des Picidées, I, p. liii. Type, by monotypy, Picus pyrrhotis Hodgson, 1837." (JAJ 2021).

REINWARDTIPICUS

(Picidae; † Orange-backed Woodpecker R. validus) Portmanteau of surname Reinwardt (after Prof. Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt (1773-1854) Dutch naturalist, collector in the East Indies 1817-1822) and genus Picus Linnaeus, 1758, woodpecker; "2. REINWARDTIPICUS, Bp. — 14. validus, Reinw. (hæmorrhous, Licht.)" (Bonaparte 1854); "Reinwardtipicus Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 7. Type, by monotypy, R. validus Reinw., i.e. Picus validus Temminck, 1825." (JAJ 2021).

Smicropicus

(Picidae; syn. Meiglyptes † Buff-necked Woodpecker M. tukki) Gr. σμικρος smikros small; L. picus woodpecker (JG; see Manuscript-names).

SPHYRAPICUS

(Picidae; † Yellow-bellied Sapsucker S. varius) Gr. σφυρα sphura hammer, mallet; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; the sapsuckers drill rows of shallow holes in trees for the sap which then exudes; "SPHYRAPICUS, Baird. Pilumnus, BON. Consp. Zygod. Ateneo Italiano, May, 1854. (P. thyroideus.) ... The genus Pilumnus, originally established by Bonaparte, is used in the Crustacea, and cannot, of course, be again employed. In supplying a new name, I consider the old Picus varius as the type instead of thyroideus, which may possibly constitute the type of a distinct genus" (Baird 1858); "Sphyrapicus Baird, 1858, Reports Explorations Surveys Railroad Mississippi Pacific, IX, p. 101. New name for Pilumnus Bonaparte, 1854, not of Leach, 1815 (Crustacea)." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Sphyropicus, Sphyrocopus (Gr. κοπος kopos striking).
Synon. Campoborus, Cladoscopus, Pilumnus.

stenotopicus

Gr. στηνος stēnos narrow, thin; τοπικος topikos topical, local < τοπος topos place (cf. στενοτης. stenotēs narrowness).

Stictopicus

(Picidae; syn. Campethera † Nubian Woodpecker C. nubica) Gr. στικτος stiktos spotted < στιζω stizō to tattoo; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "*STICTOPICUS. . . .Nubicus. . . .ΣIKTOΣ [sic], stictos, moucheté" (Malherbe 1861); "Stictopicus Malherbe, 1861, Monogr. Picidées, I, p. LIII. Type, by monotypy, Picus nubicus Boddaert, 1783." (JAJ 2021).

Stugnopicus

(Picidae; syn. Meiglyptes † Buff-rumped Woodpecker M. tristis) Gr. στυγνος stugnos mournful, sad; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "*STUGNOPICUS . . .Tristis, etc. . . .ΣTYΓNOΣ, stugnos, sombre, triste" (Malherbe 1861); "Stugnopicus Malherbe, 1861, Monogr. Picidées, p. LIII. Type, by virtual monotypy, Picus tristis Horsfield, 1821." (JAJ 2021).

subtypicus

L. sub somewhat, beneath; typicus typical < typus figure.

Theiopicus

(Picidae; syn. Colaptes † Campo Flicker C. campestris) Gr. θειον theion brimstone; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "*THEIOPICUS. . . . .Campestris. . . . .ΘEION, theion, soufre." (Malherbe 1861); "Theiopicus Malherbe, 1861, Monogr. Picidées, I, p. liii. Type, by monotypy, Theiopicus campestris, i.e. Picus campestris Vieillot, 1818." (JAJ 2021).

transcaspia / transcaspica / transcaspicus / transcaspius

L. trans beyond; Caspian Sea.

Trichopicus

(Picidae; syn. Melanerpes † White-fronted Woodpecker M. cactorum) Gr. θριξ thrix, τριχος trikhos hair; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker (doubtless alluding to villosus and pubescens of Linnaeus, a consideration lost on Gray); "6. PICUS, L. ... c. Trichopicus, Bp. — 37. cactorum, Orbign. — 38. villosus, L. — 39. pubescens, L. — 40. medianus, Sw. — 41. meridionalis, Sw. — 42. leucurus, P. Wurtemb. — 43. philipsi, Audub. — 44. martinæ, Aud. — 45. harrisi, Audub. — 46. auduboni, Trudeau. — 47. wilsoni, Malh. (scalaris, Aliquorum. — nuttali, Gambel.) — 48. gairdneri, Audub. — *49. kamtchatchensis, Bp." (Bonaparte 1854); "Trichopicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, 1854, p. 123. (Consp. Vol. Zygodact., p. 8.) Type, by subsequent designation, Picus cactorum d'Orbigny. (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 91.)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 169).

tropicus

Late L. tropicus tropical < L. tropicus of turning < Gr. τροπικος tropikos of the solstice < τροπη tropē turning < τρεπω trepō to change.
● Erroneous TL. "O-why-hee" (= Princes I., Java); ex “Tropic Crow” of Latham 1781 (syn. Dicrurus paradiseus) (according to Stresemann 1950).

typica / typicum / typicus

L. typicus typical, type < Gr. τυπικος tupikos typical, conforming to type < τυπος tupos type. Epithet refers to a type species (hence indicating fixation of type species by original designation), or, less frequently and not recorded here, to a specimen from the type locality. The following list is not exhaustive.
● Type species of genus Abeillia Bonaparte, 1850, hummingbird (syn. Abeillia abeillei).
● Type species of genus Saucerottia Bonaparte, 1850, beryl (syn. Amazilia saucerrottei).
● Type species of genus Hemistilbon Gould, 1861, beryl (syn. Amazilia saucerrottei).
● Type species of genus Barnardius Bonaparte, 1854, ringneck (syn. Barnardius barnardi).
● Type species of genus Coeligena Lesson, 1833, inca (syn. Coeligena coeligena).
● Type species of genus Helianthea Gould, 1848, star-frontlet (syn. Coeligena helianthea).
● Type species of genus Gazzola Bonaparte, 1853, crow (Corvus).
● Type species of genus Deconychura Cherrie, 1891, woodcreeper.
● Type species of genus Juliamyia Bonaparte, 1854, hummingbird (syn. Juliamyia julie).
● Type species of genus Oxynotus Swainson, 1832, cuckooshrike (Lalage).
● Type species of genus Melanodera Bonaparte, 1850 (syn. Melanodera melanodera).
● Type species of genus Ellisia Hartlaub, 1860, warbler (Nesillas).
● Type species of genus Pristoptera Bonaparte, 1857, saw-wing swallow (syn. Psalidoprocne pristoptera).
● Type species of genus Pyrilia Bonaparte, 1856, parrot (syn. Pyrilia pyrilia).
● Type species of genus Helotarsus A. Smith, 1830, bateleur (syn. Terathopius ecaudatus).

Xanthopicus

(Picidae; syn. Celeus † Blond-crested Woodpecker C. flavescens) Gr. ξανθος xanthos yellow; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L., picus woodpecker; "XANTHOPICUS. . . .Flavescens, jumana, etc. . . . . .XANΘOΣ, xanthos, jaune." (Malherbe 1861); "Xanthopicus Malherbe, 1861, Monogr. Picidées, I, p. liii. Type, by subsequent designation (Hargitt, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, p. 420), C. flavescens, i.e. Picus flavescens Gmelin, 1788." (JAJ 2021).

Xenopicus

(Picidae; syn. Dryobates † White-headed Woodpecker D. albolarvatus) Gr. ξενος xenos stranger; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "81. Picus (Xenopicus) albolarvatus, (Cass.) Baird White-headed Woodpecker. ... C. XENOPICUS, Baird. - Entirely black, with white head. Wings lengthened. A white patch at the base of the longer primaries. . . .P. albolarvatus" (Baird 1858); "Xenopicus Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Survey, IX, 1858, p. 83, in text (Type, by monotypy, Leuconerpes albolarvatus Cassin)." (Cory, 1919, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. II (2), p. 495).

XIPHIDIOPICUS

(Picidae; † Cuban Green Woodpecker X. percussus) Gr. ξιφιδιον xiphidion dagger < dim. ξιφος xiphos sword; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; "35. XIPHIDIOPICUS, Bp. — 213. percussus, Temm." (Bonaparte 1854); "Xiphidiopicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, 1854, p. 126. (separately paged reprint, Consp. Vol. Zygodact., p. 11.) Type, by monotypy Picus percussus Temminck." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 218).
Synon. Dolichopicos, Xiphidiopipo.

Xylopicus

(Picidae; syn. Dryobates † Lesser Spotted Woodpecker D. minor) Gr. ξυλον xulon tree; Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; probably a lapsus for Xylocopus Cabanis, 1863; "Systematisches Verzeichniss. ... 88. Picus minor, L. ... Mus. Hein. IV. n. 205. ... Synonymik. ... Xylopicus. Cab. --- minor. Cab. 88" (Rey 1872); "Xylopicus "Cabanis" Rey, 1872, Synonymik der Europäischen Brutvögel und Gäste, p. 246. Type, by monotypy, Picus minor Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).

Zebrapicus

(Picidae; syn. Melanerpes † Red-bellied Woodpecker M. carolinus) French zèbre zebra (i.e. striped); L. picus woodpecker; "GENUS 16. - ZEBRAPICUS (Malh.) PICUS (Linn., Gmel., Lath., Wils., Cuv., Vieill., Temm., Wagl.). CENTURUS (Swains., Class. of birds, 1837, II, p. 310 ... GENRE 16. - PICZÈBRE. ... Plumage des parties supérieures, moins la tête, noir rayé transversalement de bandes blanches et rarement d'un olivâtre clair. ... ZEBRAPICUS CAROLINUS ... Z. —— HYPOPOLIUS ... Z. —— ELEGANS ... Z. —— SUPERCILIARIS " (Malherbe 1849) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Zebrapicus Malherbe, 1849, Mém. Acad. Nat. Metz, XXX, p. 360. Type, by subsequent designation (Strickland, 1852, Contributions to Ornithology for 1851 (ed. Jardine), p. 19), Picus carolinus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021) (see Zebripicus).

Zebripicus

(Picidae; syn. Melanerpes † Black-cheeked Woodpecker M. pucherani) Variant of genus Zebrapicus Malherbe, 1849, woodpecker; “36. CENTURUS, Sw. — 214. superciliaris, Temm. ... 217. carolinus, L. — 218. hypopolius, Wagl. ... 219. elegans, Sw. ... 37. ZEBRIPICUS, Bp. ex Malh. — 224. pucherani, Malh.” (Bonaparte 1854); “Zebripicus Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 11. Not Zebrapicus Malherbe, 1849. Type, by monotypy, Zebrapicus pucherani Malherbe, 1849.” (JAJ 2022) (see Zebrapicus).

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