The Key to Scientific Names
- Borboletopipra
(Pipridae; syn. Pseudopipra † White-crowned Manakin P. pipra) Brazilian Portuguese borboleta butterfly; genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin; alluding to butterfly-like display flight (JAJ MS) (see Pseudopipra and Manuscript-names).
- CERATOPIPRA
(Pipridae; Ϯ Scarlet-horned Manakin C. cornuta) Gr. κερας keras, κερατος keratos horn; genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin; "The rear crown-feathers are elongated and protrude from the line of the head, forming two tufts that project either side of the head and curve slightly upward" (Kirwan & Green 2011); "69. CERATOPIPRA, Bp. — 152. cornuta, Spix." (Bonaparte 1854); "Ceratopipra Bonaparte, 1854, Ateneo Italiano, 2 (11), p. 316 (= Consp. Voluc. Anisod., p. 6). Type, by monotypy, [Ceratopipra] cornuta = Pipra cornuta Spix." (Snow in Peters, 1979, VIII, p. 269)
Var. Ceratopipo (Mod. L. pipo manakin).- Cirrhipipra
(Pipridae; syn. Pipra † Wire-tailed Manakin P. filicauda) L. cirrus bristle, hair (cf. Gr. κιρρος kirrhos tawny, orange); genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin; "Cirrhipipra, Bp. (Pipra, p. Gr.) Alae subelongatae, acutae; remigibus aequilatis: cauda rectricibus utrinque extimis cirrhosis. PIPRA filicauda, Spix. (filifera, Less.) Av. Bras. II. t. 8.1. ex Bras. ... rhachidibus rectricum quatuor in filum subtilissimum, longissimum, introrsum arcuato-flexum, nudum, elasticum, desinentibus." (Bonaparte 1850); "Cirrhipipra BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, p. 172, 1850, March or later—type by monotypy Pipra filicauda Spix." (Hellmayr, 1929, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. VI, p. 38).
Var. Cirrhopipra, Cirripipra.- Kalogriopipra
(Pipridae; syn. Pseudopipra † White-crowned Manakin P. pipra) Gr. καλογρια kalogria nun; genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin; alluding to the Brazilian Portuguese name freirinha, little nun, for the White-headed Marsh Tyrant Arundinicola with which the genus Dixiphia should properly be associated (Guilherme Brito MS) (see Pseudopipra and Manuscript-names).
- Lanthanopipra
(Pipridae; syn. Pseudopipra † White-crowned Manakin P. pipra) Gr. λανθανω lanthanō to escape notice; genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin (JAJ MS) (see Pseudopipra and Manuscript-names).
- Micromelanopipra
(Pipridae; syn. Pseudopipra † White-crowned Manakin P. pipra) Gr. μικρος mikros small; μελας melas, μελανος melanos black; genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin (Frank Steinheimer MS) (see Pseudopipra and Manuscript-names).
- MUSCIPIPRA
(Tyrannidae; Ϯ Shear-tailed Grey Tyrant M. vetula) Portmanteau of genera Muscicapa Brisson 1760, flycatcher, and Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin; "X.e Sous-genre. MUSCIPIPRA. Bec court, faible, légèrement crochu; tarses moyens: queue un peu fourchue, médiocre; les deux rectrices médianes disposées en brins un peu élargis et ovalaires à leur extrémité. 38.º Muscicapa longipennis. Tête cendrée; plumage noir fuligineux. Du Brésil, à Sainte-Catherine." (Lesson 1831); "Muscipipra Lesson, 1831, Traité Ornith., p. 387 (as subgenus). Type, by monotypy, Muscicapa longipennis Lesson = Muscicapa vetula Lichtenstein." (Traylor in Peters, 1979, VIII, p. 186).
Synon. Ictiniscus, Milvulus.- Papiliopipra
(Pipridae; syn. Pseudopipra † White-crowned Manakin P. pipra) L. papilio, papilionis butterfly; genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin; alluding to the butterfly-like display flight (JAJ MS) (see Pseudopipra and Manuscript-names).
- pipra
● Gr. πιπρα pipra small bird, never properly identified, but here regarded as a spotted woodpecker (syn. Dendrocopos major kamtschaticus, syn. Dryobates minor kamtschatkensis).
● Genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin. Lesson 1831, gave the name "Pardalote Manakin" to the Buff-throated Purpletuft, believing its generic characters to be intermediate between the pardalotes Pardalotus and the manakins (Iodopleura) (see Iodopleura).
● Gr. πιπρα pipra small bird, never properly identified, mentioned by Aristotle and other authors; "100. PARUS. ... Pipra. 9. P. ater, capite supra albo. Mus. Ad. Fr. 2. p. Avicula toto corpore nigra, cum vitta alba. Seb. mus. 2. p. 102. t. 96. f. 5. Habitat in Indiis. Statura Motacillæ, similis sequenti, sed rostrum paulo validius. Corpus totum nigrum. Caput totum album. Vibrissæ ad os, validiores quam in congeneribus." (Linnaeus 1758) (Pseudopipra).- PIPRA
(Pipridae; Ϯ Crimson-hooded Manakin P. aureola) Specific name Parus Pipra Linnaeus, 1758 < Gr. πιπρα pipra (also πιπρω piprō, πιπρως piprōs and πιπων pipōn) small bird mentioned by Aristotle and other authors, never properly identified, and formerly falsely linked with πιπω pipō woodpecker. Its association with the colourful Neotropical manakins seems to be arbitrary; "Manakin ... Pipra of Linnaeus ... a πιπρα, a certain bird, mentioned by Aristotle" (Pennant 1773); "Pipira:— N[ome]. commum a diversas aves da Fam. Tanagridae" (Garcia 1929) (the absence of an etymology indicates that this is a Brazilian Portuguese name, perhaps from an unknown indigenous source); “the name pipira is used indiscriminately for manakins and thraupines in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru” (Sick 1993); "PIPRA· Aureola. PIPRA nigra, capite pectoreque coccineis, remigibus antrorsum macula alba. Syst. Nat. 10. p. 191. n. 11. Pet. gaz. t. 46. f. 10. Seb. thes. I. p. 96. t. 60. f. 8. Avicula mexicana de chichiltototh altera. CORPUS magnitudine Hirundinis, sed brevius, crassius. ATRA: Dorsum, Alæ, Cauda. COCCINEA: Caput, Collum, Pectus, Rostrum, sed versus basin magis flavescens. REMIGES a latere interiore, in medio, macula alba notatæ. RECTRICES æquales, immaculatæ, nigræ. ROSTRUM nigrum, breve, compressum & fere cultratum, basi tectum. Nares patulæ. UNGUES acuti, curvi. Differt a Corvo rostri basi non setis tecta; a Monedula ore non vibrissato. leucocephala. PIPRA nigra, capite albo. Seb. thes. 2. t. 896. f. 5. Statura Motacillæ, sed Rostrum paulo validius. CORPUS totum nigrum. CAPUT totum album. Vibrissæ ad os validiores quam in congeneribus. leucocilla. PIPRA atra, capite supra albo. CORPUS totum atrum, magnitudine Pari vulgaris. CAPUT totum tectum supra albis pennis, longioribus quam pro statura. ROSTRUM brevius, crassius, trigonum, maxilla superiore modice incurvata, ergo propius Pipris quam Tanagris. minuta. PIPRA grisea, capite nigro albo-punctato. CORPUS magnitudine Reguli. DORSUM & ALÆ supra griseæ. PECTUS flavescens lineis transversis nigris. CAPUT nigrum, adspersum punctis albis rotundis, in singula penna singulis. Mas antice capite lineis carneis, postice punctis albis. CAUDA fusca, lateribus pallida." (Linnaeus 1764); "Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, Museum S. R. M. Adolphi Friderici Regis, II Prodromus, p. 32. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 33), Parus aureola Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2022).
Var. Pypra, Pigra.
Synon. Cirrhipipra, Teleonema.
● (Pipridae; syn. Machaeropterus † Kinglet Manakin / Eastern Striped Manakin M. regulus) “PIPRA, Lin. (fig. 225.) Manakins. Size very small. Bill weak: the upper mandible bent over the lower, which is flattened and nearly straight: notch small. Wings more or less rounded. Tail short, even. Toes syndactyle. P. strigilata. Brazil. Birds, pl. 25.” (Swainson 1837); “Pipra “Lin.” Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Classification Birds, II, p. 254 (not of Linnaeus, 1764). Type, by monotypy, P. strigilata, i.e. Pipra strigilata zu Wied-Neuwied, 1820 = Pipra regulus Hahn, 1819.” (JAJ 2023).- PIPRAEIDEA
(Thraupidae; Ϯ Fawn-breasted Tanager P. melanonota) Genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin; Gr. ειδος eidos form, likeness; "Family Pipridæ. PIPRAEIDEA. Rostrum ut in genere Pipra. Alæ elongatæ, remigibus 1ma, 2da et 3tia fere æqualibus, longissimis. Cauda mediocris, fere æqualis. Pedes breves, subfortes; digito exteriore medio ad basin conjuncto: tarsorum squamis anterioribus divisis, lateralibus integris. ... Type. P. cyanea. ... Habitat in Brasilia." (Swainson 1827); "Pipraeidea Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journal, III, p. 173. Type, by original designation, Pipraeidea cyanea Swainson, 1827 = Tanagra melanonota Vieillot, 1819." (JAJ 2021). The Blue-and-yellow Tanager Rauenia was formerly included here.
Var. Pepraeidea, Piproidea, Pipridaea, Pipridea, Pipraceidea, Pipracida, Pipracidea, Pipraeida, Pipraeicidea, Pipraeidia, Pipraida, Piproeidea, Pipraidea.-
Piprasoma (See: Piprisoma)
Piprisoma (Dicaeidae; syn. Dicaeum Ϯ Thick-billed Flowerpecker D. agile) Genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin; Gr. σωμα sōma, σωματος sōmatos body (cf. genus Parisoma Swainson, 1832, warbler); "The Fringilla agilis, Tickell, Pipra squalida, Burton, and Parisoma vireoides, Jerdon, prove to be the same species, which must be distinct from Pardalotus pipra of Lesson, to judge from the generic characters which he assigns to the latter, upon which is founded his genus Idopleura, Rev. Zool. &c. 1838, p. 44.* The present species I distinguish as follows: — Piprisoma, Nobis, n. g. Bill short and subconical, acutely triangular as viewed from above, the ridge of the upper mandible angulated, and that of the lower slightly but distinctly so; the outlines of both accurved, of the lower somewhat more abruptly (being tumid at base towards the divarication of its two lateral rami), and the tip of the upper overhangs that of the lower mandible, but without showing any marked terminal bend; nostrils almost closed by the nasal membrane; gape unarmed. Feet formed for perching, and rather small than otherwise, the tarse equalling the middle toe with its claw, the outer and middle toes connected to the first joint, and the claws compressed and moderately hooked, as in the more typical perchers. Wings reaching to the end of the tail, which is rather short; and having the first primary exceedingly minute, and the fourth next equal and longest; tail even. Plumage sombre and unadorned. P. agilis, (Tickell,) Nobis. ... *There is a Pardalotus maculatus, Tem, p. c. 600, from Sumatra and Borneo, which may perhaps be referable to either Idopleura or Piprisoma." (Blyth 1844) (see Pachyglossa); "Piprisoma Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 394. Type, by monotypy, Fringilla agilis Tickell." (Salomonsen in Peters, 1967, XII, p. 175).
Var. Piprasoma.-
Piprastes (See: Pipastes)
Pipastes (Motacillidae; syn. Anthus † Tree Pipit A. trivialis) Gr. πιπος pipos cheeping bird < πιππιζω pippizō to chirp; "6. Anthus arboreus. ... 6. Baumpieper. Pipastes *). (Anthus arboreus.) Ent[wickelung]. Alle Formen werden Schlanker und der Schnabel bachstelzenartig. Ch[arakter]. Pieper mit gekrümmtem Nagel der Hinterzehe. Leb[ensart]. Sie leben in Wäldern und setzen sich oft auf Bäume. ... *) πιπαζω, piepen." (Kaup 1829); "Pipastes Kaup, 1829, Skizz. Entwick.-Gesch. Natürl. System Europ. Thierwelt, p. 33. Type, by monotypy, Anthus arboreus Bechstein, 1802 = Alauda trivialis Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Pippastes, Piprastes.- PSEUDOPIPRA
(Pipridae; † White-crowned Manakin P. pipra) Gr. ψευδος pseudos false; genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin; "No genus-group name is thus available for the White-crowned Manakin, despite the now widespread agreement that it represents a monospecific genus. Consequently, we provide a new name: Pseudopipra, gen. nov. Type species: Parus pipra Linnaeus, 1758. ... Etymology: from the Greek ψευδος = pseudos [falsehood], and genus Pipra Linnaeus 1764, [manakin], = the false Pipra, a name that highlights both the original confusion that surrounded the correct name for this species (see Hellmayr 1929; Zimmer 1929) and, more recently, the correct generic name. Gender: feminine. Monotypic. Known species: Pseudopipra pipra (Linnaeus, 1758)." (Kirwan et al. 2016); "Pseudopipra Kirwan, David, Gregory, Jobling, Steinheimer and Brito, 2016, Zootaxa, 4121 (1), p. 93. Type, by original designation, Parus pipra Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2019). Pseudopipra was decided upon in a democratic vote by the authors on various alternatives, including Papiliopipra (narrowly second), Micromelanopipra (third), Borboletopipra, Lanthanopipra and Prumornis (jointly fourth), and Kalogriopipra (seventh) (see Manuscript-names). Recent work (Berv et al. 2019) indicates that this taxon has undergone swift radiation, and that at least eight species should be recognised (i.e. pipra, coracina, anthracina, comata, pygmaea, discolor, microlopha and cephaleucos).
Synon. Dixiphia.- pyrrhopipra
Gr. πυρρος purrhos flame-coloured, red < πυρ pur, πυρος puros fire; πιπρα pipra small bird mentioned by Aristotle and other authors, never properly identified, and formerly falsely associated with πιπω pipō pied woodpecker.
