The Key to Scientific Names
- albilatera / albilateralis / albilaterum
L. albus white; lateralis lateral, of the side < latus, lateris side, flank.
- ater
- L. ater black, dark, dull, matt black (cf. niger shining black, glossy black).
● ex “Martinet à Croupion Blanc” of Levaillant 1807 (?syn. Apus caffer).
● ex “Black Hawk” of A. Wilson 1812 (syn. Buteo lagopus sanctijohannis).
● ex “Aigle noir huppé d’Amérique” of de Buffon (Sonnini ed.) 1800-1802 (syn. Buteogallus urubitinga).
● ex “Crested black Cuckow” of Latham 1782 (syn. Clamator jacobinus serratus).
● ex “Iribin noir” of Vieillot 1816 (Daptrius).
● ex “Falco columbarius Nebbi“ of Ray 1713, “Schwarzbrauner Habicht” of Frisch 1733, “Black Hawk or Falcon” of Edwards 1743, “Falco niger” of Brisson 1760, “Faucon passager” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 469, and “Black Falcon” of Latham 1781 (syn. Falco peregrinus).
● ex “Merle à gorge noire de Saint-Domingue” (= ☼) of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 559, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black-throated Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Icterus dominicensis).
● ex “Black Gled” of Sibbald 1684, “Braunermaldgeyer” of Kramer 1756, “Milvus niger” of Brisson 1760, “Milan noir” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 472, and “Black Kite “ of Latham 1787 (syn. Milvus migrans).
● ex “Troupiale de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 606, fig. 1, “Petit Troupiale noir” of de Buffon 1770-1785, and “Black Oriole” of Latham 1782 (Molothrus).
● ex “Parus ater” of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599, and Willughby 1676, “Colemouse” of Ray 1713, and “Parus capite nigro, dorso cinereo, occipite pectoreque albo” of Linnaeus 1746 (Periparus).
● ex “Héoro-taire noir” of Audebert & Vieillot 1802 (syn. Phylidonyris niger).
● ex “Dusky Flycatcher” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Sayornis phoebe).
● ex “Tangara à cravate noire de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 714, fig. 2, and “Camail” or “Cravate” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Schistochlamys melanopis).
● ex “Ararauna” or “Machao” of de Laet 1633, “Ara noir” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black Maccaw” of Latham 1781 (unident.). - ateralba / ateralbus
- L. ater black; albus white.
-
aterinus (See: aterrima / aterrimum / aterrimus)
aterrima / aterrimum / aterrimus Unattested L. aterrimus very black, blackest < super. ater black.
● ex “Great Black Cockatoo” of Edwards 1764, “Kakatoës noir” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Black Cockatoo” of Latham 1781 (Probosciger).
● ex “Puffinus carbonaria” of Solander MS, and “Bulweria aterrima” of authors (Pseudobulweria).
● ex “Lesser Black Promerops” of Latham 1822 (Rhinopomastus).-
ateripennis (See: atripennis)
atripennis L. ater black; -pennis -winged < penna feather.
-
Aterlornis (See: ATELORNIS)
ATELORNIS (Brachypteraciidae; Ϯ Pitta-like Ground-roller A. pittoides) Gr. ατελης atelēs incomplete < negative prefix α- a- ; τελειος teleios perfect; ορνις ornis, ορνιθος ornithos bird; alluding to the short toes of the Pitta-like Ground-roller; "Quoi qu'il en soit de ce mélange de caractères appartenant à divers genres, nous croyons devoir isoler du genre Brachyptérolle le Brach. pittoides et le Brach. squammigera. L'allongement du tarse et la brièveté du pouce nous semblent légitimer cet isolement, et nous désignerons ce nouveau type générique sous le nom d'Atelornis." (Pucheran 1846); "Atelornis Pucheran, Rev. Zool., 1846, p. 200. Type, by subsequent designation, Brachypteracias pittoides Lafresnaye. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 13.)" (Peters, 1945, V, p. 240).
Var. Aterlornis.
Synon. Corapitta.- attwateri
Henry Philemon Attwater (1854-1931) English naturalist, emigrated to Canada (1873) and to Texas (1889) where he became a pioneer conservationist (Tympanuchus).
- caterinae
Caterina Paolina Luisa Whitaker née Scalia (1858-1957) Italian wife of British archaeologist and ornithologist Joseph I. S. Whitaker (Martin Schneider and Laurent Raty in litt.) (syn. Oenanthe hispanica).
- catervaria
- L. catervarius of a crowd < caterva crowd, troop, band of men.
- cephalater / cephalatra
Gr. κεφαλη kephalē head; L. ater black.
- chrysater
- Late L. chrysos gold < Gr. χρυσος khrusos gold; L. ater black.
- crateri
Ngorongoro Crater, Mbulu District, Tanganyika / Tanzania.
- Crateropus
(Leiothrichidae; syn. Turdoides † Blackcap Babbler T. reinwardtii) Gr. κρατερος krateros strong, stout; πους pous, ποδος podos foot; "CRATEROPUS Reinwardii. Black-masked, or Reinwardts Thrush. Family Merulidæ. Sub-family Macropodianæ. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill hard, compressed, either slightly notched or entire: wings and tail rounded, the former short, the latter broad. Feet remarkably large and strong; the two outer fore toes equal, the middle lengthened; hind toe and claw very large: claws compressed, strong, and but slightly curved. ... OF the habits of this plain, but singularly formed bird, we know nothing. It is, we believe, one of the numerous discoveries made by that able Zoologist, Professor Reinwardt, in the Indian Islands, and should it not be already described, (a point we cannot fully ascertain,) we trust it may be allowed to bear the name of one, whose important labours merit the thanks and respect of all the scientific world. ... The feet, in all their details, are uncommonly strong, while the wings are feeble and much rounded. The fifth and sixth quills are longest; the scapular quills and the tail feathers, when held to the light, exhibit transverse dark shades." (Swainson 1831); "Crateropus Swainson, 1831 (Aug.), Zool. Ill., ser. 2, 2, no. 17, pl. 80. Type, by monotypy, Crateropus reinwardtii Swainson." (Deignan in Peters, 1964, X, p. 331) (see Cratopus).
- CRATEROSCELIS
(Acanthizidae; Ϯ Rusty Mouse-warbler C. murina) Gr. κρατερος krateros stout, strong; σκελος skelos, σκελεος skeleos leg; "This endemic genus is characterized by the terrestrial habit, melodious song, long legs, compact body form, and abbreviated tail." (Beehler & Pratt 2016); "f''. Tail of moderate length, not hidden by the plumes of the rump. ... l'''. Bill equal in height and depth. i4. Rictal bristles scarcely perceptible. . . .31. CRATEROSCELIS, p. 590. ... 31. CRATEROSCELIS. Range. New Guinea, Waigiou, Mysol, Aru Island. ... 1. Crateroscelis murina. ... 2. Crateroscelis monacha." (Sharpe 1883); "Crateroscelis Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds British Mus., VII, pp. 507, 590. Type, by subsequent designation (P. Sclater and Saunders, 1883, Ibis, ser. 5, 1, p. 573), Myiothera murina Temminck [MS], i.e. Brachypteryx murinus P. Sclater, 1858." (JAJ 2024). Recent work indicates that this genus should be subsumed into Origma.
- craterum
L. craterum of the craters < cratera or crater, crateris volcanic crater < Gr. κρατηρ kratēr, κρατηρος kratēros crater, bowl < κεραννυμι kerannumi to mix.
- cyanater
L. cyanos lapis lazuli; ater black.
- flavilateralis
L. flavus yellow, golden-yellow; lateralis of the flanks < latus side.
- flavolateralis
L. flavus yellow, golden-yellow; lateralis of the flanks < latus flank.
- frater
L. frater brother (i.e. closely related).
● "CRINIGER FRATER, sp. n. ♂ ad. affinis C. gutturali, sed pectore ochrascenti-flavo et subcaudalibus ochrascentibus distinguendus ... This new species is very closely allied to two others, viz. C. gutturalis and C. gularis, all of them having brown heads and olive-green backs" (Sharpe 1877) (Alophoixus).
● "The difference in color appears very slight. I attach more importance to the discrepancies in size and proportions. If the Pacific bird be really distinct from the American, it has probably yet to receive a name; for it is very different from the various species of Anous mostly described by Mr. Gould. In that event, it may be called a ANOUS FRATER." (Coues 1862) (syn. Anous stolidus pileatus).
● "Schließt als dritte Form an C. rufopileata und soror sich an. ... Durch die allerdings nur undeutliche Fleckung des Rückens nähert sich die Art der C. chiniana." (Reichenow 1916) (subsp. Cisticola chiniana).
● "Species H. rufo-marginato maxime affinis, sed interscapulio non nigro et remigum colore castaneo saturatiore satis diversa" (P. Sclater & Salvin 1880) (Herpsilochmus).
● “Species assimilis M. carinatae [= Monarcha melanopsis] ex Australia et ejusdem formae, sed facie angustiore nigra et ventre saturatiore castaneo diversa” (P. Sclater, 1874) (Monarcha).
● “The occurrence of two typical species of Amydrus [i.e. Onychognathus frater and Onychognathus blythii] in so small an island as Socotra is very curious; but there seems to be no doubt about the fact” (P. Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881) (Onychognathus).
● "Similar to T. solstitialis, but differs in the eyebrow and eyelid being white instead of rufous or buff, and in the whiter axillaries and under wing-coverts. ... The White-browed House-Wren replaces the foregoing species [T. solstitialis] in Bolivia" (Sharpe 1881) (subsp. Troglodytes solstitialis).- fratercula / fraterculus
L. fraterculus little brother (i.e. smaller than, related or allied to) < dim. frater brother.
● "Acrocephalus cinnamomeus fraterculus, subsp. nov. ... Differs from nominate cinnamomeus in being colder and darker brown over the vertex (Mummy Brown (pl. xv), with slightly paler fringes to the feathers, as against ochraceous Saccardo's Umber)" (Clancey 1975) (syn. Acrocephalus scirpaceus suahelicus).
● "ALCIPPE FRATERCULA, n. sp. A. similis A. nipalensi, sed major et ubique saturatior, pileo schistaceo nec vinascenti-cineraceo, fasciis pilei lateralis ad latera colli productis, nigris" (Rippon 1900) (Alcippe).
● "AMMOMANES FRATERCULUS, nov. sp.., mihi. Ab A. isabellina differt statura minore, rostro brevissimo et tenui et gula isabellina nec albida." (Tristram 1864) (syn. Ammomanes deserti).
● "Auriparus flaviceps fraterculus subsp. nov. ... Decidedly smaller and yellow of head very much brighter (more orange) and more extensively yellow than either A. f. flaviceps or A. f. ornatus, in both of these respects very similar to A. f. lamprocephalus" (Van Rossem 1930) (syn. Auriparus flaviceps).
● "BRADYPTERUS BABÆCULUS FRATERCULUS, new subspecies. Escarpment Reed-Warbler. ... Most closely resembling Bradypterus babæculus babæculus (Vieillot), but darker brown above and less spotted below." (Mearns 1913) (syn. Bradypterus centralis elgonensis).
● "398. D. arizonæ (HARGITT). Arizona Woodpecker. b². Smaller: Length 6.25, wing 4.10, tail. 2.60, exposed culmen .78. Hab. South-western Mexico (Sierra Madre of Colima). D. arizonæ fraterculus RIDGW. Colima Woodpecker." (Ridgway 1887) (subsp. Dryobates arizonae).
● "Henicopernis longicauda fraterculus subsp. nov. ... Wir glauben daher, eine Japen-Rasse abtrennen zu dürfen, die sich durch kleinen Wuchs auszeichnet." (Rothschild et al. 1932) (syn. Henicopernis longicauda).
● "Onychorhynchus mexicanus fraterculus subsp. nov. ... It (the new form) is like true O. mexicanus in color and color pattern, but is very much smaller, with proportionally larger bill (actually, about the same width and but little shorter)." (Bangs 1902) (subsp. Onychorhynchus coronatus).
● "PERICROCOTUS FRATERCULUS, sp. n. This brightly coloured Minivet is a resident in Hainan, and found in all the woody parts of the island. It is a diminutive of P. speciosus (Lath.), but is much smaller, with smaller and less-hooked bill. The males of the two races do not appear to differ in colour; but the female of the lesser bird is much brighter-coloured, with the front band bright yellow." (Swinhoe 1870) (subsp. Pericrocotus flammeus).
● "PHÆTHORNIS ADOLPHEI FRATERCULUS, subsp. nov. Brown Pigmy Humming-bird. ... Close to P. a. saturatus of western Panama and Costa Rica but distinctly darker above and below, crown more sooty brownish, upper tail coverts darker and more chestnut and light tips of tail feathers narrower." (Nelson 1912) (syn. Phaethornis striigularis saturatus).
● "Thamnophilus doliatus fraterculus subsp. nov. ... Th. ♂ a mari L. doliatus dicti differt plumis pilei albis latius nigro terminatis, vittis nigris in corpore inferiore multo angustioribus, necnon vittis albis in rectricibus latioribus, potius maculiformibus nec linearibus." (von Berlepsch & Hartert 1902) (syn. Thamnophilus doliatus).- FRATERCULA
(Alcidae; Ϯ Atlantic Puffin F. arctica) Med. L. fraterculus friar < L. fraterculus little brother < dim. frater brother; probably from the Puffin’s portly appearance and black and white garb (according to Olafsen 1774 a local Icelandic name for the Puffin signified 'priest' (cf. Cornish name "Pope" for the Puffin, mentioned by Willughby 1676)); “The mediaeval name, from the bird’s gregarious habits” (BOU 1915); “perhaps with ref. to the bird’s habit, when rising from the sea, of clasping its feet as though in prayer” (Macleod, 1954); "Rostro lateraliter plano, transversim striato. . .Crassitie longitudinem æquante. . . . .Fratercula. Genus 93. ... Fratercula superne nigra, inferne alba; capite ad latera, guttureque sordide albo-griseis: torque nigro; rectricibus nigricantibus" (Brisson 1760): based on "Fratercula" of Gessner 1555, and Aldrovandus 1599-1603, "Lunda" of Clusius 1605, "Puffinus" of Charleton 1668, "Spheniscus" of Moehring 1752, Alca Arctica Linnaeus, 1758, and other references; "Fratercula Brisson, 1760, Ornithologie, I, p. 52: VI, p. 81. Type, by Linnaean tautonymy, "Fratercula" Brisson = Alca arctica Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2023).
Synon. Ceratoblepharum, Cheniscus, Gymnoblepharum, Larva, Lunda, Mormon, Puffinus, Sagmatorrhina.- fulvolateralis
- L. fulvus tawny, brown; lateralis of the side < latus side, flank.
- fuscater / fuscatra
Mod. L. fuscater blackish, dark brown, dark grey < L. fuscus dark; ater black.
- fuscilateralis
L. fuscus dusky; lateralis of the side, lateral < latus side, flank.
- fuscoater / fuscoatra
L. fuscus dusky; ater black (see fuscater).
-
griseilateralis (See: griseolateralis)
griseolateralis Med. L. griseum grey; L. lateralis of the side, lateral < latus side.
-
Hydrobater (See: HYDROBATES)
HYDROBATES (Hydrobatidae; Ϯ European Storm-petrel H. pelagicus) Gr. ὑδρο- hudro- water- < ὑδωρ hudōr, ὑδατος hudatos water; βατης batēs walker < βατεω bateō to tread < βαινω bainō to walk; "The Petrel ... When these Birds make towards a Ship at Sea they foretell a Storm at hand, and will keep behind the Stern of the Vessel, as a Shelter for them till the Storm is over; sometimes Flying and sometimes seeming to run on the Waves with incredible Swiftness, for which reason they have given it the name of Petrel from Peter's walking on the Water" (Albin 1738) (cf. Med. L. avis Petri petrel); "67. Familie. Sturmvögel ... 134. Gattung. Hydrobates.4 334. pelagica. 335. Leachii. ... 4 Ueber die Unterscheidungsmerkmale dieser Gattungen, siehe Temm. manuel 2me edit. p. 802, 804, 806. Procellaria und Hydrobates unterscheiden sich überdieß badurch, daß bey ersterer die erste und bey leßterer die zwente Schwungfeder die längste ist" (Boie 1822); "Hydrobates Boie, 1822, Isis von Oken, col. 562. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 78), Procellaria pelagica Linnaeus, 1758.” (JAJ 2022).
Var. Hydrobater.
Synon. Bannermania, Bianchoma, Cymochorea, Halobates, Halocyptena, Loomelania, Oceanodroma, Pacificodroma, Procellaria, Stonowa, Tethysia, Thalassidroma, Thalobata, Zalochelidon.
● (Anatidae; syn. Aythya † Greater Scaup A. marila) "Hydrobates (Anas auctt.) marilus, glacialis, clangulus," (Nitzsch 1829) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz).
● (Anatidae; syn. Biziura † Musk Duck B. lobata) "HYDROBATE A FANON. HYDROBATES LOBATUS. TEMM. ... Nous savons par des notice verbales communiquées par feu Péron que cet oiseau plonge continuellement et poursuit sa proie entre deux eaux, n'ayant le plus souvent que la tête visible et tout le corps submergé; il est farouche, et disparaît à la vue du chasseur pour reparaître à une très-grande distance de l'endroit où il s'est submergé" (Temminck 1826); "Hydrobates Temminck et Laugier, Planch. Color. d'Ois. 68e livr. (vol. iv. pl. 406) (vol. v. p. 117), Sept. 16th, 1826. Type (by monotypy): A. lobata Shaw & Nodder. Not of Boie, Isis, heft v. col. 562, 1822." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 222).
Var. Hygrobates.
● (Oceanitidae; syn. Oceanites † Wilson’s Storm-petrel O. oceanicus) “Hydrobates: Proc. oceanica Forst. u. s. w.” (Boie 1826); “Hydrobates Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, col. 980 (not of Boie, 1822). Type, by monotypy, Procellaria oceanica Forster, i.e. Kuhl, 1820.” (JAJ 2023).- jasijatere
- Güaraní name Jasih jateré for a mythical bird that sings throughout the night at certain times of the year (syn. Dromococcyx phasianellus).
- laterale / lateralis
L. lateralis of the side, lateral < latus side (cf. Late L. lateralis of brick < L. later brick).
● ex “Rusty-sided Warbler” of Latham 1801 (Zosterops).- LATERALLUS
(Rallidae; Ϯ Rufous-sided Crake L. melanophaius) Portmanteau of specific combination Rallus lateralis (Lichtenstein, 1823) (= syn. Laterallus melanophaius) (see Crybastus); "d. Laterallus, Bp." (Bonaparte 1854 (nom. nud.)); "1997. LATERALLUS, Pr. B. 1854. (Rallus melanophaia, Vieill.)" (G. Gray 1855); "Laterallus "Pr. B." G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 120. Type, by monotypy, Rallus melanophaius Vieillot." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 189).
Var. Lateiallus.
Synon. Corethura, Creciscus, Crybastus, Donacophilus, Laterirallus, Limnocrex, Ortygometra, Thryocrex.-
lateria (See: lateritia)
lateritia - L. latericius or lateritius made of bricks < later brick, tile (cf. Mod. L. latericius dark brick colour).
- Laterirallus
(Rallidae; syn. Laterallus † Rufous-sided Crake L. melanophaius) Portmanteau of specific combination Rallus lateralis (Lichtenstein, 1823) (= syn. Laterallus melanophaius); "RALLEÆ. ... 115. Laterirallus, Bp. 347. albifrons, Sw. (Gallin.) (lateralis, Ill. melanophaius? Vieill.) 348. hypoleucos, Ill. 349. facialis, Tschudi. 350. exilis, Temm. (minutus, var. Lath. cinereus? Vieill.) 351. gossii, Bp. (R. minutus, var. Gm. Ort. minuta, Gosse.) 352. ?maculosus, Vieill. ?antarcticus, King." (Bonaparte 1856); "Laterirallus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 43, No. 12, p. 599, Sept., 1856—type, by subs. desig. (Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 450), Rallus melanophaius Vieillot." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1942, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (1), p. 368).
- Leadbeatera
(Trochilidae; syn. Heliodoxa † Violet-fronted Brilliant H. leadbeateri) Specific name Trochilus leadbeateri Bourcier, 1843; "*156. Leadbeatera, Bp. (Mellisuga, p. Gr.) America m. 3. 1. TROCHILUS jacula, Gould, Pr. Zool. Soc. 1849. 2. TROCHILUS LEADBEATERI, Bourc. (Leadbeatera grata, Bp.) Bourc. in Ann. Sc. Lyon. 1843. t. 5. 3. Leadbeatera —— Gould. nov. spec." (Bonaparte 1850); "Leadbeatera Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, Mar., 1850, p. 70. Type, by tautonymy, Trochilus leadbeateri Bourcier." (Peters, 1945, V, p. 87) (see Heliodoxa).
- leadbeateri / leadbeaterii
● Benjamin Leadbeater, Sr. (1773-1851) English natural history dealer in London 1800-1837 (Bucorvus, Cacatua).
● "Nous avons dédié cette espèce a M. Leadbeater, naturaliste anglais distingué, qui possède l'une des plus belles collections d'oiseaux de cette famille" (Bourcier 1843) (cf. Benjamin Leadbeater, Sr. (1773-1851) and John Leadbeater, Sr. (1804-1856) English natural history dealers, agents and taxidermists) (Heliodoxa).
● John Leadbeater, Jr. (1832-1888) English natural history dealer and agent in Melbourne, taxidermist at National Mus., Melbourne (syn. Lichenostomus cassidix, syn. Opopsitta diophthalma macleayana, syn. Pardalotus punctatus xanthopyga).- maternalis
Med. L. maternalis maternal < L. maternus maternal < mater, matris mother < Gr. μητηρ mētēr, μητερος mēteros mother.
● Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico (Spanish madre mother) (subsp. Ridgwayia pinicola).- nigrilatera
- L. niger black; latus, lateris side, flank.
- olivater / olivatra
L. oliva olive; ater black.
- paraterma / paratermus
Gr. παρατηρεω paratēreō to watch closely < παρα para towards; τηρεω tēreō to observe (cf. Late Gr. παρατηρημα paratērēma observation).
- patersonae
Mary Lorajo Ball née Paterson (b. 1934) British archaeologist, zoologist at National Mus., Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia / Zimbabwe (syn. Hedydipna collaris zuluensis).
- patersoni
● Original spelling of subspecific name Anthreptes collaris patersonae Irwin, 1960 (= syn. Hedydipna collaris zuluensis).
● Lt.-Col. William Paterson (1755-1810) British Army, explorer in South Africa 1777-1779, Lt.-Governor of New South Wales 1801-1803, 1809-1810, botanical collector (syn. Philetairus socius).- prateri
- Stanley Henry Prater (1890-1960) British zoologist, Curator of Bombay Natural History Society Collections 1923-1947 (syn. Sitta castanea).
- rubrater / rubratra
L. ruber, rubra red; ater, atra black.
- rubrilateralis
L. ruber red; lateralis lateral, of the side < latus side, flank.
- rufater / rufatra
- L. rufus red; ater black.
- rufilateralis
L. rufus rufous; lateralis of the flanks, lateral < latus side, flank.
- rufolateralis
- L. rufus rufous; lateralis of the side < latus flank.
- rufusater
- L. rufus rufous; ater black.
-
Saltater (See: SALTATOR)
SALTATOR (Thraupidae; Ϯ Buff-throated Saltator S. maximus) L. saltator, saltatoris dancer < saltare to dance (cf. Tupí name Tangara dancer, one who turns and skips, for the manakins and various colourful finch-like birds (see Tangara)); "66. HABIA, de Azara. Saltator. Tanagra, Lin. Gm. Lath. Bec épais à la base, court, robuste, convexe en dessus, un peu comprimé par les côtés, échancré vers le bout; mandibule supérieure un peu fléchie en arc et couvrant les bords de l'inférieure. Esp. Grand Tangara, Buff." (Vieillot 1816) ; "Saltator Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 32. Type, by monotypy, "Grand Tanagra" Buffon = Tanagra maxima Müller." (Paynter in Peters, 1970, XIII, p. 228). The saltators and their allies have also been placed with the finches Fringillidae, and the cardinals Cardinalidae, or treated as a separate family Saltatoridae.
Var. Salator, Sallator, Saltater, Sattator, Staltator.
Synon. Cissurus, Pitylus, Pyrorhamphus, Stelgidostomus.-
schlateri (See: sclateri)
sclateri ● Dr Philip Lutley Sclater (1829-1913) English ornithologist, collector (pub. A Monograph of the Birds forming the Tanagrine Genus Calliste 1857/58; Catalogue of a Collection of American Birds belonging to Philip Lutley Sclater 1861/62; Exotic Ornithology (contrib.) 1866/69; Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (contrib.) 1873; A Monograph of the Jacamars and Puffbirds 1879/82; Argentine Ornithology (contrib.) 1888/89) (subsp. Apalis cinerea, Asthenes, subsp. Attila spadiceus, Cacicus, syn. Campephilus gayaquilensis, subsp. Camptostoma obsoletum, syn. Casuarius casuarius, subsp. Cercomacra cinerascens, subsp. Chaetura cinereiventris, Chasiempis, subsp. Chlorophonia musica (ex Bonaparte MS), subsp. Colinus leucopogon, syn. Crax fasciolata, syn. Cyanocorax affinis, Doliornis, Eudyptes, subsp. Forpus modestus, subsp. Guttera verreauxi, syn. Heliomaster longirostris, subsp. Hirundinea ferruginea, subsp. Icterus pustulatus, subsp. Knipolegus orenocensis, Lophophorus, Loriculus, subsp. Loxigilla noctis, Meliarchus, subsp. Monasa morphoeus, subsp. Myiarchus oberi, Myrmotherula, Myzomela, Nonnula, syn. Penelope barbata, subsp. Penelope montagnii, syn. Penelope obscura, Pheugopedius, Phyllomyias, Picumnus, syn. Pipreola chlorolepidota, syn. Plectropterus gambensis, Poecile, Pseudocolopteryx, syn. Rufirallus fasciatus, syn. Spinus magellanicus capitalis, subsp. Tachycineta euchrysea, subsp. Tangara arthus, syn. Tangara cabanisi, syn. Thamnophilus amazonicus, syn. Thraupis episcopus nesophilus, subsp. Thripadectes virgaticeps, subsp. Todirostrum cinereum, subsp. Tolmomyias poliocephalus, Vireo, subsp. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus).
● William Lutley Sclater (1863-1944) English ornithologist (son of Dr Philip Lutley Sclater), Director of Cape Town Mus. 1896-1906 (pub. Systema Avium Aethiopicarum 1924/30) (syn. Apalis thoracica capensis, subsp. Caprimulgus climacurus, subsp. Cercotrichas leucophrys, syn. Chlidonias hybrida delalandii, syn. Cisticola galactotes amphilectus, subsp. Cyanomitra olivacea, subsp. Dendrocitta vagabunda, subsp. Monticola rufocinereus, subsp. Neomixis striatigula, syn. Ploceus bicolor stictifrons, Spizocorys, syn. Turtur afer).- SCLATERIA
(Thamnophilidae; † Silvered Antbird S. naevia) Dr Philip Lutley Sclater (1829-1913) English ornithologist; "Heterocnemis Sclater is preoccupied by Heterocnemis Albers for a genus of Coleoptera. Since the only other name for this group of birds, Holocnemis Strickland, is untenable because of Holocnemis Schilling, in Coleoptera, as pointed out by Dr. Sclater (l.c.), it is proposed to substitute Sclateria, in honor of Dr. P. L. Sclater, and in recognition of his extensive contributions to Neotropical ornithology. The type is Sitta nævia Gmelin." (Oberholser 1899); "Sclateria Oberholser, 1899, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 209. New name for Heterocnemis Sclater, 1855, not of Albers, 1852 (Coleoptera), and for Holocnemis Strickland, 1844, not of Schilling, 1829 (Coleoptera)." (JAJ 2021).
Synon. Heterocnemis, Holocnemis.- sclateriana / sclaterii
Dr Philip Lutley Sclater (1829-1913) English ornithologist (Amalocichla, subsp. Coracina papuensis, Goura, syn. Pternistis afer).
- Sclaterillas
(Pycnonotidae; syn. Phyllastrephus † Tiny Greenbul P. debilis) William Lutley Sclater (1863-1944) English ornithologist, Director of Cape Town Mus. 1896-1906; Gr. ιλλας illas, ιλλαδος illados thrush; "Andropadus debilis W. L. Sclater has much in common with Ayresillas, but differs markedly in its shorter and more flattened bill, and I therefore propose to place it in a new genus, SCLATERILLAS." (A. Roberts 1922); "Sclaterillas Roberts, 1922, Annals Transvaal Mus., VIII (4), p. 226. Type, by monotypy, Andropadus debilis W. Sclater, 1899." (JAJ 2020) (see Ayresillas).
- Sclaterornis
(Nectariniidae; syn. Nectarinia † Bronze Sunbird N. kilimensis arturi) Dr Philip Lutley Sclater (1829-1913) English ornithologist, and his son Arthur Lutley Sclater (1873-1922) tea planter in Ceylon; Gr. ορνις ornis, ορνιθος ornithos bird; "Besides these, there are other long-tailed genera in East Africa, one of which occurs within our limits, namely "Nectarinia" arturi P. L. Sclater; this genus would seem to be allied to the short-tailed genus, Aidemonia, and may be characterised as having the second primary shorter than the sixth and longer than the seventh, larger in size than those with the same wing formula, but smaller than Nectarinia, males with the middle pair of tail feathers much elongated and in colour bronzy on a blackish background over the upper parts to the chest, the remaining underparts without the bronzy sheen, and no pectoral tufts. No name being available for this genus I propose to name it SCLATERORNIS gen. nov., type Nectarinia arturi P. L. Sclater. The genus would seem to be represented as well by S. bocagei in Benguella, S. kilimense in East Africa and S. tacazze still farther north-east." (A. Roberts 1922); "Sclaterornis A. Roberts, 1922, Annals Transvaal Mus., VIII (4), p. 251. Type, by original designation, Nectarinia arturi P. Sclater, 1906." (JAJ 2020).
- semiater / semiatra
L. semi- half- < semis, semissis half < as, assis whole; ater, atra black (cf. semiatratus in half-mourning).
- SOMATERIA
(Anatidae; Ϯ King Eider S. spectabilis) Gr. σωμα sōma, σωματος sōmatos body; εριον erion wool. The down used to line the nests of the Common Eider is now rarely collected commercially (e.g. in Iceland); "Genus SOMATERIA, Leach, (Eider). Species 1. SOMATERIA SPECTABILIS, (King Eider). A pair only of this species was shot, in about lat. 72º. Several were seen as high as 74º, mixing with Cuthbert's Eider. It is generally named King Duck. The trachea of this bird resembles that of the Anus [sic] Moschata. See Plate 14, fig. 1 and 2. Latham. Species 2. SOMATERIA, (Cuthbert's Eider), commonly named the Eider Duck. Many of these were shot in the months of June and July, between lat. 71º and 74º." (Leach 1819); "Somateria Leach, in Ross, Voy. Disc. 2, 1819, p. 154, App., p. xlviii. Type, by monotypy, Anas spectabilis Linné.1 ... 1 Of the two included species, one is listed only in the vernacular, the other has a valid binomial name and may be accepted as a monotypic type." (Peters, 1931, I, p. 179).
Var. Sommateria, Samoteria.
Synon. Arctonetta, Eider, Erionetta, Ganza, Lampronetta, Platypus.-
Squaterola (See: Squatarola)
Squatarola (Charadriidae; syn. Pluvialis † Grey Plover P. squatarola) Specific name Tringa squatarola Linnaeus, 1758; “Squatarola grisea. Grey Squatarolle.” (Leach, 1816, Systematic Catalogue Indigenous Mammalia and Birds (ed. Salvin 1882), p. 29); "Encore la première tribu, les VANNEAUX-PLUVIERS (SQUATAROLA. Cuv.), l'ont-ils à peine perceptible. On la distingue par son bec renflé en dessous, et dont la fosse nazale est courte comme aux œdicnèmes [Burhinus]. ... Ils ne forment, dit-on, qu'une espèce, que ses variations de plumage ont fait multiplier. ... Le Vanneau gris. (Tringa squatarola.) Enl. 854." (Cuvier 1816); "Squatarola Cuvier, Règne Anim., 1, 1817 (1816), p. 467. Type, by tautonymy, Tringa squatarola Linné." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 243).
Var. Squatarula, Squatarolla, Squaterola, Squartarola, Scuatarola.- sublateralis
- L. sub near to; subsp. name Psophodes crepitans lateralis North, 1897 (= subsp. Psophodes olivaceus) (syn. Psophodes olivaceus).
- vandewateri
Maj.-Gen. Abraham van der Water (1879-1938) Dutch Army in the Dutch East Indies, explorer in New Guinea 1912-1913 (Martin Schneider and Justin Jansen in litt.) (subsp. Otus spilocephalus).
- watersi
Thomas Waters (or Watters) (1840-1904) British consular service in East Africa, collector in Madagascar (Sarothrura).
- waterstradti
Johannes Alexander Christian Waterstradt (widely known as John Waterstradt) (1869-1944) Danish entomologist, botanist/orchid nurseryman, collector in Ceylon, Malaysia, the East Indies and Philippines (subsp. Phylloscopus poliocephalus, subsp. Prinia superciliaris, Prioniturus, subsp. Pyrrhula nipalensis).
- watertonii
- Charles Waterton (1782-1865) English naturalist, traveller, collector (Thalurania).
