The Key to Scientific Names
- CHRYSOCOLAPTES
(Picidae; Ϯ Javan Flameback C. strictus) Gr. χρυσος khrusos gold; κολαπτης kolaptēs chiseller < κολαπτω kolaptō to peck; "the other group having a well developed fourth toe, and being altogether more powerfully formed, and highly typical or characteristic of the Woodpecker structure. To this last, which may be designated Chrysocolaptes, appertain P. strictus, Horsfield, (v. sultaneus, Hodgson),* P. hæmatribon, Wagler, and also I believe certain other species, together with the following:— P. (Chrysocolaptes) melanotus, Nobis. ... *This is generally, I believe, now considered to be P. Goensis, though the description of the latter by Daubenton and others certainly does not apply.—Referring to Dr. Horsfield's catalogue of Javanese birds prefixed to his Volume of Researches, I observe that he there refers his P. strictus to P. Goensis." (Blyth 1843); "Chrysocolaptes Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 12, pt. 2, 1843, p. 1004. Type, by subsequent designation, C. strictus = Picus strictus Horsfield. (Hargitt, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 18, 1890, p. 442).2 ... 2 Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 92, designates Picus sultaneus Hodgson, but this was not one of the originally included species." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 225).
Synon. Indopicus, Xylolepes.- CICHLOCOLAPTES
(Furnariidae; Ϯ Large Pale-browed Treehunter C. leucophrus) Gr. κιχλη kikhlē thrush; κολαπτης kolaptēs chiseller < κολαπτω kolaptō to peck; "*XCIV. Cichlocolaptes RCHB. Nat. Syst. d. Vögel t. suppl. — Von voriger verschieden durch stärkeren, unten vom Kinn an deutlich aufsteigenden Schnabel und geflecktes Kleid nach Art der Dendrocolaptinae, die sie hier andeuten, während sie aus der Reihe der Trepidatores viellicht Crateropus repräsentiren. — Drossel-Baumhacker. *393. C. ferruginolentus (Anabates — MAXIM. N.-W. Beitr. 1166.1.) RCHB. t. DXXVII. 3637. ... *394. C. ochroblepharus RCHB. t. DXXVII. 3638. ... *395. C. adspersus (Anabates — Mus. Berol.) RCHB." (Reichenbach 1853); "Cichlocolaptes Reichenbach, Handb. spec. Orn., cont. x, 1853, Scansoriae A. Sittinae, p. 146, 174. Type, by subsequent designation, Anabates ferruginolentus Wied = Anabates leucophrus Jardine and Selby (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 28)." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 140).
- COLAPTES
(Picidae; Ϯ Northern Flicker C. auratus) Gr. κολαπτης kolaptēs chiseller < κολαπτω kolaptō to chisel, to peck, to strike; "The former group, or the Linnean Pici, it may be again observed, include some species where the bill loses the straight and angulated form, and becomes curved and compressed. These birds, of which the Picus auratus of Linnæus is the representative §, exhibit in this particular an evident approximation to the true Creepers ... § This group forms the genus Colaptes of Mr. Swainson." (Vigors 1825); "Colaptes Vigors, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 14, pt. 3, 1826, p. 457, note. Type, by original designation, Cuculus auratus Linné." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 100).
Synon. Chloropicos, Chrysoptilus, Geopicos, Malherbipicus, Nesoceleus, Pediopipo, Pituipicus, Soroplex, Theiopicus, Tridactylocolaptes.- dendrocolaptes
Gr. δενδροκολαπτης dendrokolaptēs woodpecker < δενδρον dendron tree; κολαπτω kolaptō to peck.
- DENDROCOLAPTES
(Furnariidae; † Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper D. certhia) Gr. δενδροκολαπτης dendrokolaptēs woodpecker < δενδρον dendron tree; κολαπτω kolaptō to peck; "DENDROCOLAPTES. Nobis. Rostrum vel incurvum vel rectum, basi nudum. Lingua . . . Pedes ambulatorii, digito posteriore modico. Rectricum rhachis in setam producta. Pic-Grimperau, Buffon T. VII. Victus moresque prorsus pici. Major species rostro valido, mandibula superiore fornicata, subcurvata. Color fuscus. Le Picucule de Cayenne. Pl. enlum. 621. Minor species, rostro mediocri, rectissimo, acuto, dorso caudaque castaneis, capite, collo, ventreque nigris, albo-maculatis, more corvi caryocatactis. Le Talapiot de Cayenne. Pl. enlum. t. 605. Genus difficulter determinatur. Inter picum, sittam, certhiam intermedium. Apud Gmelinum in Syst. Nat. hucusque non reperi." (Hermann 1804); "GENUS 24. DENDROCOLAPTES Herrmann. (Holzhauer Germ. Pic-grimpereau Gall.) ... Species: Gracula Cayennensis, Oriolus Picus LinGmel." (Illiger 1811); "The Genus Dendrocolaptes of Illiger [1811, Prodromus Syst. Mamm. Av., p. 212] (the Picacule of the French) have, in all the species I found in South America, precisely the same manners and habits as the Pici, climbing the trees with even greater facility, although their feet are those termed ambulatorii. The type of this excellent genus is Gracula cayennensis of Linnæus. M. Viellot [sic], some years after, without taking any notice of the previous distinction given these birds by Illiger, calls their genus Dendrocopus, a name evidently borrowed from Illiger; nor is this the only plagiarism committed by an ornithologist whose intrinsic merit requires no such dubious aid to increase his fame." (Swainson 1821); "Dendrocolaptes HERMANN, Observ. Zool, p. 135, 1804— type by subs. desig. (SWAINSON, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc., 3, p. 292, 1821) "Gracula cayennensis, of LINNAEUS" [= GMELIN] = Picus certhia BODDAERT." (Hellmayr, 1925, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. IV, 259); "Dendrocolaptes Hermann, Observ. Zool., 1804, p. 135. Type, by subsequent designation, "D. Cayanensis (Gm.), Pl. enl. 621" = Picus certhia Boddaert (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 18).1 ... 1 Swainson's earlier designation of the same species as the type is invalid, since he credits the genus to Illiger, 1811." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 31). Under current Rules this is an incorrect conclusion (Laurent Raty in litt.)
Var. Dendrocaleptes, Dendrocalaptes.
Synon. Dendrocops, Dendrocopus, Orthocolaptes, Premnocopus.
● (Furnariidae; syn. Xiphocolaptes † White-throated Woodcreeper X. albicollis) "1. DENDROCOLAPTES, Hermann. a. Dendrocolaptes, Auct. — 1. major, Vieill. (rubiginosus, Lafr. - falcirostris? Spix.) — 2. albicollis, Vieill. — 3. simpliciceps, Puch." (Bonaparte 1854); "Dendrocolaptes "Auct." Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Anisodactylorum, p. 10 (not of Hermann, 1804). Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 142 (Appendix)), "albicollis, Vieill.", i.e. Dendrocopus albicollis Vieillot, 1818." (JAJ 2022).- Dryocolaptes
L. dryocolaptes woodpecker < Gr. δρυοκολαπτης druokolaptēs woodpecker < δρυς drus, δρυος druos tree; κολαπτης kolaptēs chiseller < κολαπτω kolaptō to chisel.
● (Picidae; syn. Picoides † Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker P. tridactylus) "1. Dreizehiger Sp[echt]. (P. Dryocolaptes (Nobis), tridactylus). ... Im Norden Europa's, Asiens und Amerika's in Bergwäldern" (Gistel 1848); "Dryocolaptes Gistel, 1848, Naturgesch. Thierreichs für höhere Schulen, p. 86 (not of Moriss, 1837). Alternative name for Picoides de Lacépède, 1799." (JAJ 2021).
● (Picidae; syn. Picus † Eurasian Green Woodpecker P. viridis) "Dryocolaptes martius, Hewhole. Dryocolaptes viridis, Ecle. Dryocolaptes minor, Hickwall. Dryocolaptes major, Whitwall." (F. Morris 1837) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Dryocolaptes F. O. Morris, 1837, The Naturalist (ed. N. Wood), II (9), p. 124. New name for Picus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021) (see Seiren).
● (Furnariidae; syn. Xiphocolaptes † White-throated Woodcreeper X. albicollis) "Dendrocolaptes Herm. ... Dryocolaptes Fitz. (Dendrocopus albicollis Vieill.)" (Fitzinger 1863); "Dryocolaptes Fitzinger, 1863, Sitzungsb. Kaiserl. Akad. Wissenschaft. Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, Wien, XLVI (I), p. 229 (not of Morris, 1837, nor of Gistel, 1848). Type, by monotypy, Dendrocopus albicollis Vieillot, 1818." (JAJ 2021).- GEOCOLAPTES
(Picidae; Ϯ Ground Woodpecker G. olivaceus) Gr. γεω- geō- ground- < γη gē earth; genus Colaptes Vigors, 1826, flicker (< Gr. κολαπτης kolaptēs chiseller); "GENUS, Colaptes, SWAINS. ... Only one species of this group has yet been found in Africa; it is the Pic Laboureur of Le Vaillant, described by Mr. Burchell, in his Travels, under the specific name of terrestris, — a prior designation to that of arator, of which M. Cuvier was not aware. Mr. Burchell very judiciously considers it the type of a sub-genus, named by him, in his MSS, Geocolaptes." (Swainson 1832); "Geocolaptes Burchell MS. Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 2, 1831 (1832), p. 315, note. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Picus terrestris Burchell = Picus olivaceus Gmelin." (Peters, 1948, VI, pp. 99-100).
Synon. Agripicus.- LEPIDOCOLAPTES
(Furnariidae; Ϯ Scaled Woodcreeper L. squamatus) Gr. λεπις lepis, λεπιδος lepidos scale, flake < λεπω lepō to peel; κολαπτης kolaptēs pecker < κολαπτω kolaptō to peck; "CV. Lepidocolaptes RCHB. "Picolaptes" Nat. Syst. t. XXXVI. ... Kleid rothbraun, Unterseite weißschuppig großfleckig. a) Weißgefleckte Arten. *432. L. squamatus (Dendrocol. — LICHST. p. 258. t. II. f. 1.) ... 433. L. Wagleri (Dendrocol. — SPIX. I. 88. 5. t. XC. f. 2) ... *434. L. leucogaster (Ziphorh. SWS. — LAFR.) ... *435. L. affinis (Picolaptes — LAFR. 1850. 275.) ... 436. L. atripes (Picolaptes — EYTON, JARD. Contrib. 1851. 76.) RCHB. ... b) Fahlgefleckte Arten. *437. L. Spixii (Picolaptes — LESSON traité 314.) RCHB. t. DXXXIII. 3664. ... 438. L. validirostris (Picolaptes — EYTON, JARD. Contrib. 1851. 75.) RCHB. ... 439. L. Souleyetii (Dendrocol. — LAFR.) RCHB. t. DXXXIV. 3667. ... 440. L. lineaticeps (Picolaptes — LAFR. Rev 1850. 277.) RCHB. ... 441. L. albolineatus (Picolaptes — LAFR. 1850. 278.) ... 442. L. notatus (Picolaptes — EYTON Contrib. 1852. 26.) RCHB." (Reichenbach 1853); "Lepidocolaptes Reichenbach, Handb. spec. Orn., cont. x, 1853, Scansoriae A. Sittinae, p. 183. Type, by subsequent designation, Dendrocolaptes squamatus Lichtenstein (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 29)." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 47).
Synon. Dacryophorus, Ziphorynchus.-
Mecrocolaptes (See: Microcolaptes)
Microcolaptes Gr. μικρος mikros little; κολαπτης kolaptēs chiseller (i.e. woodpecker) < κολαπτω kolaptō to peck.
● (Picidae; syn. Picumnus † Ocellated Piculet P. dorbignyanus) “47. MICROCOLAPTES, Gr. — 247. orbignyanus, Lafr. — 248. granadensis, Lafr. — 249. olivaceus, Lafr. — 250. albisquamatus, Orb. — 251. squamulosus, Lafr. 1854.” (Bonaparte 1854); “Microcolaptes “Gr.” Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 11 (not of Gray, 1840). Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 149 (Appendix)), Picumnus dorbignyanus de La Fresnaye, 1845.” (JAJ 2023).
● (Picidae; syn. Sasia † Rufous Piculet S. abnormis) "MICROCOLAPTES, n. Picumnus, Temm., 2nde div. M. abnormis, (Temm.) n. Pl. col. 371. f. 3." (G. Gray 1840); "Microcolaptes G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 54. Type, by original designation, Picumnus abnormis Temminck, 1825." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Mecrocolaptes.- Orthocolaptes
(Furnariidae; syn. Dendrocolaptes † Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper D. certhia) Gr. ορθος orthos straight; κολαπτης kolaptēs pecker < κολαπτω kolaptō to peck; "G. PICUCULE, Dendrocolaptes, Herm.; Illig.; Licht. — Dendrocopus, Vieill. — Gracula, Gm. I. BEC DROIT (Orthocolaptes). 1º D. cayennensis, Lich,, nº 148; d'Orb. et La Fr., p. 11. — Gracula cayennensis, L., Gm. — Gracula scandens, Lath., Shaw. — Le Picucule, Buff., enl. 621; Less., pl. 72, fig. 2. ——Dendrocopus scandens, Vieill., II, 623, Ois. dorés, pl. 76. — Hab. Brésil, Caïenne. 2º D. guttatus, Lich., nº 149. — Pic grimpereau commun, Azara, 242; Spix, sp. 10; La Fr. et d'Orb., Cat., pag. 11. Dendrocopus pardalotus, Vieill., II, 624; Levaill., Prom., pl. 30. — Hab. Bahia, Bolivia, Guiane. 3º D. picus, Lich., nº 151. — Oriolus picus, L., Gm. — Le Talapiot, Buff., enl. 605. — Dendrocopus rectirostris, Vieill., II, 626, pl. 169; d'Orb. et La Fr., Cat., p. 12. — Dendrocopus guttatus, Spix, pl. 91. — Hab. Brésil, Caïenne, Chiquitos. 4º D. rufus. — Dendrocopus rufus, Vieill., Encycl., II, 626. — Hab. Brésil. 5º D. menaloceps [sic], Lesson" (Lesson 1840); "Orthocolaptes Lesson, 1840, Revue Zoologique, III, p. 269. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 28), Gracula cayanensis, i.e. Gracula cayennensis Gmelin, 1788 = Picus certhia Boddaert, 1783." (JAJ 2021).
- Paludicolaptes
(Furnariidae; syn. Dendroplex † Zimmer's Woodcreeper D. kienerii) L. paludicola dweller in fens or marshes < palus, paludis swamp, marsh; colere to inhabit; Gr. κολαπτης kolaptēs chiseller < κολαπτω kolaptō to chisel; "the genus Dendroplex Swainson, 1827b must be considered a junior synonym of Xiphorhynchus Swainson, 1827a. Because no generic nomen is currently available for the species comprising the group of Dendroplex picus (see Aleixo 2002), we propose the following: Paludicolaptes genus nov. Type species: Dendrornis kienerii Des Murs, 1855. ... The species are further characterized by their habitat choice, shunning the interior of humid forests, in favour of deciduous types, including mangrove and desert formations, where they breed in cacti. Coastal populations inhabit islands in river deltas and mangrove, and, where associated with forested environments, they clearly prefer borders and gallery forests. ... Etymology: L. paludicola, "marsh-dweller" < palus, paludis, "swamp"; cola, "dweller" < colere "to inhabit"; Gr. Kολαπτης, kolaptēs, "chiseller" < κολαπτω, kolaptō, "to chisel, to peck, to strike". This nomen points to the ability of the species P. picus and, especially, of its type species P. kienerii, to occupy water-associated habitats, like igapós. Paludicolaptes picus is also commonly present in mangroves and gallery forests. Grammatical gender: Masculine. Species included: ... Paludicolaptes picus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788) ... Paludicolaptes kienerii (Des Murs, 1855) ... Paludicolaptes picirostris (Lafresnaye, 1847)." (Raposo et al. 2018); "Paludicolaptes Raposo, Dubois, Kirwan, Pinto de Assis, Höfling and Stopiglia, 2018, Zootaxa, 4532 (4), p. 564. Type, by original designation, Dendrornis kienerii des Murs, 1856." (JAJ 2020).
- Picolaptes
(Furnariidae; syn. Xiphorhynchus † Spix's Woodcreeper X. spixii) Portmanteau of French Picucule woodcreeper, and genus Dendrocolaptes Hermann, 1804, woodcreeper (cf. Late Gr. πικος pikos woodpecker < L. picus woodpecker; Gr. κολαπτης kolaptēs pecker < κολαπτω kolaptō to peck); Lesson's creation of Grimpic is based on the French names Grimpar and Picucule, given to various woodcreepers, themselves based on Grimpereau treecreeper, and Pic woodpecker; "LXXV.e Genre. GRIMPIC; Picolaptes. Bec un peu plus long que la tête, peu recourbé, très-aplati et très-mince sur les côtés, à bords entiers; et à mandibule supérieure terminée en pointe légèrement plus longue que l'inférieure. Fosse nasale triangulaire, petite, basale, latérale; narines longitudinales; tarses scutellés, minces; les deux doigts externes égaux, grêles. Queue moyenne, étagée, à rectrices terminées en pointe très-déjetée sur un côté; ailes concaves, à deuxième et troisième rémiges plus longues. 1. GRIMPIC DE SPIX; Picolaptes Spixii: Dendrocolaptes tenuirostris, Spix, p. 91. ... 2. GRIMPIC A AURÉOLE; Picolaptes coronatus: Dendrocolaptes bivittatus, Spix, pl. 90." (Lesson 1830); "Picolaptes Lesson, Traité d'Orn., livr. 4, 1830, p. 313. Type, by subsequent designation, Picolaptes spixii Lesson (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 18)." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 36).
- PSEUDOCOLAPTES
(Furnariidae; Ϯ Streaked Tuftedcheek P. boissonneautii auritus) Gr. ψευδος pseudos false, another; κολαπτης kolaptēs pecker < κολαπτω kolaptō to peck; "CXXIII. Pseudocolaptes RCHB. Nat. Syst. t. suppl. ... Kleid die Mitte haltend zwischen den Dendrocolaptinen und Cinclodes, von jenen entfernt durch das Verhältniß der Zehen, von diesen durch die schnurgerade Schnabelfirste. *511. P. semicinnamomeus RCHB. t. DXXXIV. 3668. ... 512. P. auritus (Anabates — us LICHTST. TSCHUDI peruv. 239.) RCHB. ... 513. P. ? subulatus (Sphenura — a SPIX 82. t. 83.1.) RCHB. t. DXL. 3695." (Reichenbach 1853); "Pseudocolaptes Reichenbach, Handb. spec. Orn., cont. x, 1853, Scansoriae A. Sittinae. p. 148, 209. Type, by subsequent designation, Anabates auritus Lichtenstein i.e. Tschudi (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 28)." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 119).
Synon. Otipne.- Tridactylocolaptes
(Picidae; syn. Colaptes Ϯ Northern Flicker C. auratus) Gr. τριδακτυλος tridaktulos three-toed < τρι- tri- three- < τρεις treis, τρια tria three; δακτυλος daktulos toe; genus Colaptes Vigors, 1826, flicker; "The vagaries of nomenclature are exhibited in strong light by such an affair as the genus Tridactylia, based on a malformation, either congenital or merely accidental. I may remark, in this connection, that I once shot, at Washington, D.C., a specimen of Colaptes auratus showing the same thing, the right inner hind toe being wanting. It did not occur to me, however, to propose a genus Tridactylocolaptes, nor even to describe the bird as a new species of Picoides" (Coues 1874) (see Tridactylia).
- XIPHOCOLAPTES
(Furnariidae; Ϯ White-throated Woodcreeper X. albicollis) Gr. ξιφος xiphos sword; κολαπτης kolaptēs pecker < κολαπτω kolaptō to peck (cf. genus Colaptes Vigors, 1826, woodpecker); "II. BEC RECOURBÉ (Xiphocolaptes). 1º D. decumanus, Illig., Lichst., no. 147. — Grand Pic-grimpereau, Azara, 241. — Dendrocopus albicollis, Vieill., Encycl., II, p. 625. — Dendrocopus decumanus et falcirostris, Spix, pl. 87 et 88. — Dendrocopus albicollis, La Fr. et d'Orb., Cat., p. 10. — Hab. Saint-Paul. 2º D. squamatus, Lich. ... 3º D. tenuirostris, Lichs. ... 4º E. bivittatus, Lich. ... Dendrocopus angustirostris, Vieill.?? ... 5º D. major, Vieill. ... Dendrocopus rubiginosus, La Fr. ... 6º D. angustirostris ... 7º D. albogularis, King. ... 8º D. rubricaudatus? ... Trepadore remosycola roxos, Azara, nº 247 ... 9º D. fuscus ... 10º D. fuliginosus ... 11º D. maculatus ... 12º D. pyrrophius ... Tropadero ypardo, Azara, nº 255 ... 13º D. griseicapillus, Vieill. ... 14º D. promeropirhynchus, Less." (Lesson 1840); "Xiphocolaptes Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 269. Type, by subsequent designation, Dendrocopus albicollis Vieillot (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 28)." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 26).
Synon. Dendrocolaptes, Dryocolaptes.
● (Furnariidae; quasi-syn. Xiphocolaptes † Strong-billed Woodcreeper X. promeropirhynchus) "1. DENDROCOLAPTES, Hermann. ... b. Xiphocolaptes, Less. — 4. promeropirhynchus, Less." (Bonaparte 1854); "Xiphocolaptes "Less." Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Anisodactylorum, p. 10 (not of Lesson, 1840). Type, by monotypy, Dendrocolaptes promeropirhynchus Lesson, 1840." (JAJ 2022).
