Notes on the vocalizations of Narcissus Flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina)

In the following we briefly analyze and compare voice of the different races of Narcissus Flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina). We also try to quantify the extent of any vocal differences using the criteria proposed by Tobias et al. (2010), as a support for taxonomic review. We have made use of sound recordings available on-line from Xeno Canto (XC).

Voice was analyzed in detail by Dong et al. (2015). The main discriminating sound parameters are said to be duration of song strophe, max./min. freq. and freq. range (bandwidth). As average values and standard deviation are given (Table 3). We can calculate effect size:

                                                    narcissana            narcissana         owstoni

                                                     vs owstoni             vs elisae              vs elisae

Duration song strophe                   2.02                       0.32                   3.44                                      

Max. freq.                                     1.52                       4.71                    6.07       

Min. feq.                                       1.92                       1.00                    4.12

Freq. range                                   3.60                       5.30                    8.08

resulting in 'Tobias scores':

                                                 narcissana            narcissana         owstoni

                                                 vs owstoni             vs elisae              vs elisae

Duration song strophe                  2                             1                          2

Max. freq.                                     1                             2                          3

Min. feq.                                       1                             1                          2

Freq. range                                    2                             3                          3

(We haven't included zantophygia in the calculations, already treated as a species in HBW)

We can thus conclude that when applying Tobias criteria, total vocal scores between the 3 taxa range from 4 to 6 (assuming that bandwidth and max. freq. are independent parameters): owstoni has the shortest song phrases and the narrowest freq. range, elisae has the highest max. freq. and largest freq. range, nominate is somewhat closer to elisae, but has a narrower freq. range and slightly lower max. freq.

The authors did not include the parameter 'number of notes in a song phrase', which is much lower in owstoni (score 3 vs other races).

This vocal analysis was based on songs of 14 individuals of race narcissus. Given the very high variability in song, this is quite a low number. We have recently added some 20 recordings of race narcissus including song of at least 7 individuals, ranging from S to N Japan (see XC). Without having done precise measurements, it would seem that these recordings greatly enlarge the min. freq. range, and to a lesser extent freq. range and max. freq. The above-mentioned scores should thus be seen as really maximum scores. The overall conclusions however remain valid.

Some examples per race (illustrated with multiple sonograms in the pdf version of this note): narcissana, owstoni and elisae.

This note was finalized on 11th May 2016, using sound recordings available on-line at that moment. We would like to thank in particular the sound recordists who placed their recordings for this species on XC: Desmond Allen, Per Alström, Peter Boesman, Jim Holmes, Frank Lambert, Urban Olsson, Mathias Ritschard, Brendan Sloan, Anon Torimi and George Wagner.

References

Dong, L., Wei, M., Alström, P., Huang, X., Olsson, U., Shigeta, Y., Zhang, Y. & Zheng, G. (2015). Taxonomy of the Narcissus Flycatcher Ficedula narcissina complex: an integrative approach using morphological, bioacoustic and multilocus DNA data. Ibis 157(2): 312–325.

Tobias, J.A., Seddon, N., Spottiswoode, C.N., Pilgrim, J.D., Fishpool, L.D.C. & Collar, N.J. (2010). Quantitative criteria for species delimitation. Ibis 152(4): 724–746.

More Information: on329_narcissus_flycatcher.pdf