Distribution

The Black-and-chestnut Eagle is endemic to the montane cloud forests of South America, mainly in the Andes mountain range, from northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela to northwestern Argentina (11°N–28°S).

Venezuela

It mainly occurs from 1,200–2,500 m (occasionally between 400–3,000 m) in the Coastal Range of north-central Aragua, Carabobo, Lara, and Yaracuy (10°N); in the Andes of northwestern (8°N) Mérida, Trujillo, and Lara; and in the eastern Andes from Sierra de Perijá in Zulia(10°N) (20 Ascanio, D., G. A. Rodriguez, and R. Restall (2017). Birds of Venezuela. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close , Naveda-Rodríguez, personal communication). Extent of occurrence and area of occupancy in the two mountain ranges in Venezuela are 50,060 km² and 13,548 km², respectively (21 Naveda-Rodriguez, A. (2015). Conservation status of diurnal raptors in Venezuela. Journal of Raptor Research 49:441-449. Close ).

Colombia

It occurs from 1,600–2,800 m (occasionally between 150–3,300 m). A breeding population is located in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Magdalena (11°N), and probably also in La Guajira and César. It is present in the three ranges of the Andes: the western Andes from Chocó to Nariño (7–0°N), the central Andes from Antioquia to Nariño (6–0°N), and the eastern Andes from César to Nariño (10–0°N) (14 Lehmann, F. C. (1959). Contribuciones al estudio de la fauna de Colombia XIV. Nuevas observaciones sobre Oroaetus isidori (Des Murs). Novedades Colombianas 1:169–195. Close , 22 Hilty, S. L., and W. L. Brown (1986). A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. Close , 23 Orejuela, J. E. (1987). La Reserva Natural “La Planada” y la biogeografía Andina. Humboldtia 1:117-148. Close , 24 Márquez, C., M. Bechard, F. Gast, and V. H. Vanegas (2005). Aves Rapaces Diurnas de Colombia. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt", Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. Close ).

Ecuador

It primarily occurs from 1,500–3,000 m (occasionally between 1,100–3,500 m). It is present on both slopes of the Andes: on the western slope it occurs from Carchi to Cotopaxi (0°N–1°S), and on the eastern slope from Carchi and Sucumbios to Zamora-Chinchipe and Loja (0°N–4°S). A few pairs have been reported in the inter-Andean valley of northern Ecuador in Carchi, Imbabura, and Pichincha (0°N) (25 Ridgely, R. S., and P. J. Greenfield (2001) The Birds of Ecuador. Volume 1. Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. Close , 26 Freile, J., and R. Restall (2018). Birds of Ecuador. Bloomsbury, London, UK. Close , Rivas-Fuenzalida et al., unpublished data).

Peru

It mostly occurs between 1,000–3,500 m (occasionally occurs down to 700 m). It is present only on the eastern slopes of the Andes, from Amazonas to Puno (5–14°S). It probably also occurs in Cajamarca (4°S) (27 Valdez, U., and S. Osborn (2004). Observations on the ecology of the black-and-chestnut eagle (Oroaetus isidori) in a montane forest of southeastern Peru. Ornitología Neotropical 15:31-40. Close , 28 Walker, B., D. F. Stotz, T. Pequeño, and J. W. Fitzpatrick (2006). Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve. Fieldiana Zoology 110:23–49. Close , 29 Schulenberg, T. S., D. F. Stotz, D. F. Lane, J. P. O'Neill, and T. A. Parker III (2010). Birds of Peru. Revised edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. Close , Rivas-Fuenzalida et al., unpublished data).

Bolivia

It occurs from 1,100–2,800 m (occasionally between 800–3,200 m). It is present only on the eastern slopes of the Andes, from La Paz to Tarija (14–22°S). Records up to 4,000 m likely represent misidentified birds (30 Herzog, S. K., R. S. Terrill, A. E. Jahn, J. V. Remsen Jr., O. Maillard Z., V. H. García-Solíz, R. MacLeod, A. Maccormick, and J. Q. Vidoz (2016). Birds of Bolivia. Asociación Armonía, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Close , D. Martínez, personal communication).

Argentina

It largely occurs from 900–2,800 m (occasionally between 600–3,500 m). It is only present on the eastern slopes of the Andes, in the four provinces with suitable habitat: Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, and Catamarca (22–28°S) (31 Chevez, J. C., S. Seipke, and L. Rodríguez (2008). Águila poma. In Los que se van. Fauna argentina amenazada. Tomo 2 (J. C. Chebez, Editor), Albatros, Buenos Aires. pp. 216-219, Albatros, Buenos Aires Close , 32 Fra, E. A., R. S. Salinas, P. Román-Rodríguez, and C. Barrionuevo (2008). Presencia y hábitat del Águila poma (Oroaetus isidori Des Murs, 1845) en la provincia de Catamarca, República Argentina. Revista Nuestras Aves 53:6-9. Close , 33 Roesler, I., A. E. Formoso, F. N. Moschione, M. A. Juhant, and D. H. Podestá (2008). Nuevos registros del Águila Poma (Spizaetus isidori) y comentarios sobre su conservación en Argentina. Ornitología Neotropical 19(4):611–616. Close , 34 De Benito, M. (2009). Registro documentado de águila poma (Spizaetus isidori) en el departamento Valle Grande, Jujuy, Argentina. Nuestras Aves 54:36–37 Close , 35 Colina, U. (2010). Nuevos avistamientos de Águila Poma (Spizaetus isidori) en el noroeste argentino. Nótulas Faunísticas 43:1-5 Close , 36 Aráoz, R., and S. Aveldaño (2013). Registros de ejemplares de Águila poma (Oroaetus isidori) para el departamento La Candelaria, provincia de Salta, Argentina. Nótulas Faunísticas 118:1-4. Close , 37 Aráoz, R., J. M. Grande, C. López, J. Cereghetti, and F. H. Vargas (2017). The first Black-and-Chestnut Eagle (Spizaetus isidori) nest discovered in Argentina reveals potential human-predator conflicts. Journal of Raptor Research 51(1):79–82. Close ).

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