Occurs in southern Indochina, including southern Vietnam; in Cochinchina and South Annam (22 David-Beaulieu, A. (1932). Les oiseaux de la région de Honquan (province de Thudaumot, Cochinchine). Oiseau et RFO 2:133–154. Close , 23 Eames, J. C., and C. R. Robson (1992). Forest Bird Surveys in Vietnam 1991. BirdLife Study Report 51. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. Close , 24 Craik, R., and Lê Quẏ Minh (2018). Birds of Vietnam. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Close ); southwest, northern, and northeast Cambodia (25 Engelbach, P. (1953). Les oiseaux d’Angkor et leur identification sur le terrain. Terre et Vie 100:148–166. Close , 26 Robson, C. (2000). A Field Guide to the Birds of South-east Asia. New Holland, London, UK. Close , 27 Goes, F. (2013). The Birds of Cambodia: An Annotated Checklist. Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Fauna & Flora International Cambodia Programme and Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Close , 28 Cambodia Bird Guide Association (2019). Birds of Cambodia. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Close ); and southern Laos (29 Thewlis, R. M., J. W. Duckworth, G. Q. A. Anderson, M. Dvorak, T. D. Evans, E. Nemeth, R. J. Timmins, and R. J. Wilkinson (1996). Ornithological records from Laos, 1992–1993. Forktail 11:47–100. Close , 30 Thewlis, R. M., R. J. Timmins, T. D. Evans, and J. W. Duckworth (1998). The conservation status of birds in Laos: a review of key species. Bird Conservation International 8(Supplement):1–159. Close , 31 Duckworth, J. W., R. E. Salter, and K. Khounboline, eds. (1999). Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report. IUCN-The World Conservation Union/Wildlife Conservation Society/Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management, Vientiane. Close , 32 Evans, T. D., H. C. Towll, R. J. Timmins, R. M. Thewlis, A. J. Stones, W. G. Robichaud, and J. Barzen (2000). Ornithological records from the lowlands of southern Laos during December 1995–September 1996, including areas on the Thai and Cambodian borders. Forktail 16:29–52. Close ). In Myanmar, occurs in two populations: in the southwest (16 Smythies, B. E. (1986). The Birds of Burma. Third revised edition. Nimrod Press, Liss, UK. Close ) and in Tenasserim, the latter contiguous (at least formerly) with populations in southern Thailand and the Malay Peninsula, where it is widespread (33 Madoc, G. C. (1976). An Introduction to Malayan Birds. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Close , 34 Holmes, D. A., and K. Phillipps (1998). The Birds of Peninsular Malaysia. Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Close , 35 Jeyarajasingam, A., and A. Pearson (1999). A Field Guide to the Birds of West Malaysia and Singapore. Oxford University Press, Oxford & New York. Close , 2 Wells, D. R. (2007). The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Volume 2. Passerines. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close ). Occurs throughout Sumatra (36 van Marle, J. G., and K. H. Voous (1988). The Birds of Sumatra. An Annotated Check-list. B.O.U. Check-list 10. British Ornithologists’ Union, Tring, UK. Close ), including the satellite islands of Bangka and Belitung (37 Chasen, F. N. (1937). The birds of Billiton Island. Treubia 16:205–238. Close , 38 Mees, G. F. (1986). A list of the birds recorded from Bangka Island, Indonesia. Zoologische Verhandelingen 232:1–176. Close , 39 Eaton, J. A., B. van Balen, N. W. Brickle, and F. E. Rheindt (2016). Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago: Greater Sundas and Wallacea. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Close ). Also widespread on Borneo including Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan (40 Fogden, M. P. L. (1965). Borneo bird notes, 1963-1965. Sarawak Museum Journal 12(25/26):395–414. Close , 41 Counsell, D. (1986). The Royal Air Force Ornithological Society's expedition, May-June 1984. Brunei Museum Journal 6(2):164–204. Close , 42 Wilkinson, R., G. Dutson, B. Sheldon, Darjono, and Y. R. Noor (1991). The avifauna of the Barito Ulu region, central Kalimantan. Kukila 5(2):99–116. Close , 43 Wilkinson, R., G. Dutson, and B. Sheldon (1991). The Avifauna of Barito Ulu, Central Borneo with Additional Notes on the Mammals. International Council for Bird Preservation Study Report 48, Cambridge, UK. Close , 44 Holmes, D. A. (1997). Kalimantan bird report 2. Kukila 9:141–169. Close , 45 Vowles, G. A., and R. S. Vowles (1997). An Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Brunei. Second edition. Centro de Estudos Ornitologicos no Algarve, Silves, Portugal. Close , 46 Smythies, B. E. (1999). The Birds of Borneo. Fourth edition revised by G. W. H. Davison. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Borneo. Close , 47 Sheldon, F. H., R. G. Moyle, and J. Kennard (2001). Ornithology of Sabah: History, Gazetteer, Annotated Checklist, and Bibliography. Ornithological Monographs 52. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C., USA. Close , 48 Mann, C. F. (2008). The Birds of Borneo. An Annotated Checklist. B.O.U. Checklist 23. British Ornithologists’ Union & British Ornithologists’ Club, Peterborough, UK. Close ).

While no significant range contractions have been reported, the species evidently was quite common in Singapore until the 1940s (49 Gibson-Hill, C. A. (1950). A checklist of the birds of Singapore Island. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, Singapore 21:132–183. Close ), after which it remained unrecorded until 2004 (2 Wells, D. R. (2007). The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Volume 2. Passerines. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close ). Furthermore, the species seemingly has experienced quite severe local extinctions in peninsular Thailand (50 Lekagul, B., and P. D. Round (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Thailand. Saha Karn Bhaet Co., Bangkok, Thailand. Close ) and probably elsewhere (1 Lambert, F. R., and M. Woodcock (1996). Pittas, Broadbills and Asities. Pica Press, Robertsbridge, UK. Close ).