Campo Troupial Icterus jamacaii Scientific name definitions

The Campo Troupial is endemic to northeast Brazil, where it ranges south to Minas Gerais and west to Maranhão, and the central Brazilian state of Tocantins, where it appears to enter into limited contact with the Orange-backed Troupial (Icterus croconotus). The present species is found solely in dry, xeric woodlands, especially in caatingas with tall cacti, although it will also range into agricultural areas. Like other troupials, this is a large oriole with an extensive black hood, a black tail, and upperparts; there is a relatively small area of white on the secondaries, and the rest of the plumage is deep orange, including on the smaller wing coverts (the ‘epaulets’).