Species names in all available languages
| Language | Common name |
|---|---|
| Czech | lesňáček kroužkooký |
| Dutch | Connecticutzanger |
| English | Connecticut Warbler |
| English (United States) | Connecticut Warbler |
| French | Paruline à gorge grise |
| French (France) | Paruline à gorge grise |
| German | Augenring-Waldsänger |
| Greek | Πάρουλα του Κονέκτικατ |
| Haitian Creole (Haiti) | Ti Tchit fal gri |
| Hebrew | סבכון קונטיקט |
| Icelandic | Seyluskríkja |
| Japanese | ハイムネアメリカムシクイ |
| Norwegian | markparula |
| Polish | cytrynka obrączkowa |
| Portuguese (Brazil) | mariquita-de-connecticut |
| Portuguese (Portugal) | Mariquita-do-connecticut |
| Russian | Очковая хвойница |
| Serbian | Konektikat cvrkutarka |
| Slovak | horárik osikový |
| Spanish | Reinita de Connecticut |
| Spanish (Costa Rica) | Reinita Ojianillada |
| Spanish (Cuba) | Bijirita de Connecticut |
| Spanish (Dominican Republic) | Cigüita de Lentes |
| Spanish (Ecuador) | Reinita Ojianillada |
| Spanish (Mexico) | Chipe de Connecticut |
| Spanish (Panama) | Reinita Ojianillada |
| Spanish (Peru) | Reinita de Connecticut |
| Spanish (Puerto Rico) | Reinita de Connecticut |
| Spanish (Spain) | Reinita de Connecticut |
| Spanish (Venezuela) | Reinita Ágil |
| Swedish | connecticutskogssångare |
| Turkish | Konnektikut Ötleğeni |
| Ukrainian | Цитринка сіровола |
Revision Notes
Jay Pitocchelli, Julie L. Jones, and David C. Jones revised the account. Peter Pyle contributed to the Plumages, Molts, and Structure page. Andrew J. Spencer contributed to the Sounds and Vocal Behavior page. Nicholas D. Sly updated the distribution map. Arnau Bonan Barfull curated the media. JoAnn Hackos, Daphne R. Walmer, and Robin K. Murie copyedited the account.
Oporornis agilis (Wilson, 1812)
Definitions
- OPORORNIS
- agile / agilis
The Key to Scientific Names
Legend Overview
Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis Scientific name definitions
Version: 2.0 — Published June 2, 2023
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Photos from this Account
Adult male
Large, skulking warbler with a complete white eyering, a pale bill, and a gray hood. Males and females look similar, but females are often paler than males.
Adult male
Large, skulking warbler with a complete white eyering, a pale bill, and a gray hood. Males and females look similar, but females are often paler than males.
Adult male
Breeds in spruce and tamarack bogs. During migration uses a variety of woodlands, forests, and thickets, but it is often difficult to see due to its secretive and skulking nature.
Immature
Immature birds are olive above and drab yellowish below with a complete white eyering.
Immature
Immatures appear drab yellowish olive overall with a distinctive complete white eyering. Note long legs and bulky appearance.
Immature
Somewhat chunky, skulking warbler with long legs. Immatures are drab yellowish olive overall with a complete white eyering. Also note pale bill and legs.
Male Connecticut Warbler.
Connecticut Warbler.
Male Connecticut Warbler has prominent white eye rings.
Possible confusion species: Mourning Warbler (Geothlypis philadelphia).
Male Mourning Warbler is smaller, lacks white eye rings, and has a black bib on breast.
Possible confusion species: Mourning Warbler (Geothlypis philadelphia).
Male Mourning Warbler showing its black bib on breast.
Connecticut Warbler.
Male Connecticut Warbler has a complete eye ring and lacks black lores.
Possible confusion species: MacGillivray's Warbler (Geothlypis tolmiei).
Male MacGillivray's Warbler is smaller, has a broken white eye ring (eye arcs), black lores, and a black bib on breast.
Possible confusion species: MacGillivray's Warbler (Geothlypis tolmiei).
Male MacGillivray's Warbler showing white eye arcs, black lores, and black bib on breast.
Connecticut Warbler.
Female Connecticut Warbler has brownish-olive hood and distinct eye rings.
Possible confusion species: Mourning Warbler (Geothlypis philadelphia).
Alternate female Mourning Warbler has a gray hood and may show no eye rings or narrow broken (incomplete) eye rings.
Possible confusion species: Mourning Warbler (Geothlypis philadelphia).
Formative Mourning Warbler has a yellowish throat and brighter underparts overall, narrow broken eye rings.
Connecticut Warbler.
Formative female Connecticut Warbler has buff throat, and underparts are duller yellow.
Possible confusion species: MacGillivray's Warbler (Geothlypis tolmiei).
Female MacGillivray's Warbler has a gray hood and eye arcs.
Possible confusion species: MacGillivray's Warbler (Geothlypis tolmiei).
Formative MacGillivray's Warbler has a grayish throat and eye arcs.
Connecticut Warbler.
Male Connecticut Warbler showing its gray throat.
Possible confusion species: Nashville Warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla).
Nashville Warbler (subspecies ridgwayi) is smaller, has almost entirely yellow underparts, and the bill is smaller and sharper.
Possible confusion species: Nashville Warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla).
Nashville Warbler (subspecies ruficapilla) showing its yellow underparts, including the throat.
Connecticut Warbler.
Possible confusion species: Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas).
Female Common Yellowthroat is smaller, has a thinner bill, yellow throat, and browner upperparts.
Possible confusion species: Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas).
Female Common Yellowthroat showing its yellow throat.
Formative Connecticut Warbler, probably female
Formative plumage can show dull olive to brownish olive heads and breasts, buff throats (sometimes tinged yellowish), dull cream to whitish eye rings, and relatively dull yellow underparts with extensive olive mottling to the flanks. Note also the retained, brownish juvenile primary coverts, greater alula, and flight feathers. The rectrices are quite abraded at the tips for October. The dull head plumage, without grayish, suggests a female but some formative males may be this dull.
Formative male Connecticut Warbler
The brown juvenile primary coverts contrasting with the fresher and greener formative greater coverts, along with the worn pointed and brownish rectrices, identifies Formative Plumage, and in this case the extent of grayish present in the head and breast indicates a male.
Formative female Connecticut Warbler
Note the retained brown juvenile primary coverts and alula, contrasting with the fresher formative greater coverts, and the worn brown rectrices. The dull olive head and buff throat, without gray, indicates a female.
First Alternate male Connecticut Warbler
Following the First Prealternate Molt, males acquire grayer heads than in Formative Plumage, but the plumage is duller than that of Definitive Basic males. The lower breast has little to no dark gray mottling. By spring the retained juvenile primary coverts can become very abraded and brownish, contrasting with the formative greater coverts, Note also the pointed brown and abraded outer primary tips and rectrices.
First Alternate female Connecticut Warbler
First Alternate females more closely resemble Formative Plumage than males, the head and breast only becoming slightly grayer. Note the retained juvenile primary coverts and flight feathers.
First Alternate male Connecticut Warbler
The primary coverts and alula can become quite brown and abraded, lacking the olive edging of basic feathers in spring and summer. Note also the brown wash to the hind crown and lack of dark gray mottling to the breast, further indication that this is a first alternate as opposed to a definitive alternate male. The eye ring is also thinner, duller, and not as conspicuous.
Definitive Basic female Connecticut Warbler
In definitive plumages, females and males are easily sexed by head plumage, olive to grayish olive in females and much grayer in males. Note here the fresh basic primary coverts with green edging, not contrasting with the greater coverts, and the fresh green edging to the primaries and rectrices. The head plumage is brighter, more olive, and less buff than in formative females, and the yellow underparts average brighter and with less olive mottling to the flanks. The eye ring can be creamy white.
Definitive Basic male Connecticut Warbler
Any Connecticut Warbler with a gray head in October-March is a male in Definitive Basic Plumage. These are similar to those in Definitive Alternate Plumage except note the brown fringing to the crown and breast feathers, which will wear off by spring, along with molt creating a brighter plumage. The lower breast also averages less dark gray mottling compared to Definitive Alternate Plumage in males.
Definitive Basic female Connecticut Warbler
Note the uniform green primary coverts and grater coverts, and the dusky and green-edged primaries and rectrices, identifying Definitive Basic Plumage in late October. The primarily green as opposed to gray head in this plumage indicates a female.
Definitive Alternate female Connecticut Warbler
Definitive Alternate females average slightly grayer headed than those in Definitive Basic Plumage. Note the even look to the uppewing feathers, without contrast between the primary coverts and greater coverts, and the full olive edging to the primaries and rectrices, identifying Definitive as opposed to First Alternate Plumage.
Definitive Alternate male Connecticut Warbler
Note the bright overall plumage and uniformly basic wing and tail feathers. Some males can have extensive dark gray to slate feathering to the breast, creating a dark patch.
Male showing head detail.
First Alternate male showing tarsi and toes.
Breeding habitat in Quebec, Canada.
Breeding habitat in Wisconsin, United States.
Breeding habitat in Wisconsin, United States.
Bird foraging during spring migration; Florida, United States.
Bird foraging during fall migration; Maine, United States.
Bird foraging during fall migration; Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Bird in forest undergrowth during overwintering period in La Paz, Bolivia.
An overwintering or migrant individual in an urban area in Cuzco, Peru.
Bird feeding on caterpillar.
Bird feeding on insect.
Nest site; nest placed close to the orange flag.
Nest with five eggs.
Connecticut Warbler egg.
Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Canada; 9 June; Photographer James Villeneuve; egg specimen from the Royal Saskatchewan Museum.
Connecticut Warbler clutch.
Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Canada; 9 June; Photographer James Villeneuve; egg specimens from the Royal Saskatchewan Museum.
Adult carrying food for nestlings.
Bird killed by window collision in September in Ohio, United States.
Dead bird from window collision.
Macaulay Library Photos for Connecticut Warbler
Top-rated photos submitted to the Macaulay Library via eBird. Note: Our content editors have not confirmed the species identification for these photos.