Tables and Appendices

Males

Females

Measurement

Age

Region

n

Mean

Range

n

Mean

Range

Source

Wing chord^a (mm)

All

Range wide

190

593

(545-636)

107

631

(586-666)

Liguori et al. 2020 Liguori, J., J. L. Watson, F. Nicolletti, and D. Oleyar (2020). In-hand Guide to Diurnal North American Raptors. HawkWatch International, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Close

A/SA

Range wide

23

595

(569-619)

27

640.4

(601-674)

Bortolotti 1984a Bortolotti, G. R. (1984). Age and sex size variation in Golden Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 55: 54–66. Close

A

Range wide

12

580.5

(555-610)

17

633.2

(620-666)

Friedmann 1950 Friedmann, H. (1950). The Birds of North and Middle America. Part XI. Cathartidae to Falconidae. U.S. National Museum Bulletin no. 50. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. Close

A

MT, WY

15

587

 (565-612)

6

632

(619-659)

Lish et al. 2016 Lish, J. W., R. Domenech, B. E. Bedrosian, D. H. Ellis, and M. Payton (2016). Wing loading in North American Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Journal of Raptor Research 50: 70–75. Close

A

East NA

12

583.8

(557-605)

20

622.1

(585 – 660)

TAM, M. Lanzone, J. Cooper, unpublished data

SA

East NA

20

575.1

(549–592)

6

607.3

(580-635)

TAM, M. Lanzone, J. Cooper, unpublished data

J

Range wide

26

585.9

(559-636)

31

632.2

(601-665)

Bortolotti 1984a Bortolotti, G. R. (1984). Age and sex size variation in Golden Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 55: 54–66. Close

J

MT, WY

5

583

(562-597)

7

630

(610-659)

Lish et al. 2016 Lish, J. W., R. Domenech, B. E. Bedrosian, D. H. Ellis, and M. Payton (2016). Wing loading in North American Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Journal of Raptor Research 50: 70–75. Close

J

East NA

11

597.3

(555-654)

6

610

(551–625)

TAM, M. Lanzone, J. Cooper, unpublished data

Tail length (mm)

All

Range wide

183

326

(289 – 371)

108

346

(298-375)

Liguori et al. 2020 Liguori, J., J. L. Watson, F. Nicolletti, and D. Oleyar (2020). In-hand Guide to Diurnal North American Raptors. HawkWatch International, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Close

A/SA

Range wide

22

286.5

(267-310)

24

307.2

(290-330)

Bortolotti 1984a Bortolotti, G. R. (1984). Age and sex size variation in Golden Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 55: 54–66. Close

A

Range wide

12

337.4

(320-360)

17

366.2

(350-390)

Friedmann 1950 Friedmann, H. (1950). The Birds of North and Middle America. Part XI. Cathartidae to Falconidae. U.S. National Museum Bulletin no. 50. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. Close

A

East NA

11

306.2

(270-320)

20

331.2

(280-350)

TAM, M. Lanzone, J. Cooper, unpublished data

SA

East NA

17

305

(275-323)

6

321.3

(270-353)

TAM, M. Lanzone, J. Cooper, unpublished data

J

Range wide

23

297.7

(269-341)

30

322

(285-375)

Bortolotti 1984a Bortolotti, G. R. (1984). Age and sex size variation in Golden Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 55: 54–66. Close

J

East NA

11

326.1

(300-365)

6

331.7

(325-344)

TAM, M. Lanzone, J. Cooper, unpublished data

Exposed culmen length^b (mm)

All

Range-wide

181

41

(37-50)

107

44

(41-48)

Liguori et al. 2020 Liguori, J., J. L. Watson, F. Nicolletti, and D. Oleyar (2020). In-hand Guide to Diurnal North American Raptors. HawkWatch International, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Close

A/SA

Range wide

23

40.6

(36.9-43.5)

27

44.2

(41.7-47.5)

Bortolotti 1984a Bortolotti, G. R. (1984). Age and sex size variation in Golden Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 55: 54–66. Close

A

Range wide

12

39.5

(37-41)

17

44

(41-47)

Friedmann 1950 Friedmann, H. (1950). The Birds of North and Middle America. Part XI. Cathartidae to Falconidae. U.S. National Museum Bulletin no. 50. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. Close

J

Range wide

26

39.4

(36.2-42.6)

31

43.3

(39.9-50.0)

Bortolotti 1984a Bortolotti, G. R. (1984). Age and sex size variation in Golden Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 55: 54–66. Close

Middle toe^c (mm)

A

Range wide

12

60.5

(57-66)

17

67.5

(62-73)

Friedmann 1950 Friedmann, H. (1950). The Birds of North and Middle America. Part XI. Cathartidae to Falconidae. U.S. National Museum Bulletin no. 50. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. Close

Foot pad (mm)

A

ID

31

131.6

(120-137)

18

145.4

(139-153)

Edwards and Kochert 1986 Edwards, T. C., Jr., and M. N. Kochert (1986). Use of body weight and length of footpad as predictors of sex in Golden Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 57: 317–319. Close

Hallux claw (mm)

All

Range wide

184

48

(39-54)

108

54

(49-60)

Liguori et al. 2020 Liguori, J., J. L. Watson, F. Nicolletti, and D. Oleyar (2020). In-hand Guide to Diurnal North American Raptors. HawkWatch International, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Close

A/SA

Range wide

23

49.4

(45.9-52.9)

26

55.7

(49.8-63.4)

Bortolotti 1984a Bortolotti, G. R. (1984). Age and sex size variation in Golden Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 55: 54–66. Close

J

Range wide

24

47.8

(44.9-51.3)

30

54

(49.7-58.2)

Bortolotti 1984a Bortolotti, G. R. (1984). Age and sex size variation in Golden Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 55: 54–66. Close

Tarsus width (mm)

All

East NA

24

16.08

(14.09 – 17.80)

21

19.65

(16.70 – 24.00)

TAM, M. Lanzone, unpublished data

All

WY

21

12.38

(11.63 – 13.45)

10

14.59

(13.72 – 16.87)

M. Lockhart, unpublished data

All

ID

10

15.2

(14.0 – 16.2)

8

16.8

(15.9–18.1)

EHC, T. Craig, unpublished data

Tarsus Length (mm)

A

Range wide

12

111.6

(101-122)

17

114.9

(103-123)

Friedmann 1950 Friedmann, H. (1950). The Birds of North and Middle America. Part XI. Cathartidae to Falconidae. U.S. National Museum Bulletin no. 50. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. Close

Body Mass (g)

All

ID

31

3,477

(2,495 - 4,281)

18

4,913

(3,374-6,124)

Edwards and Kochert 1986 Edwards, T. C., Jr., and M. N. Kochert (1986). Use of body weight and length of footpad as predictors of sex in Golden Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 57: 317–319. Close

All

SW ID

34

3,900

(3,000-4,475)

14

4,627

(4,075-5,280)

USGS, unpublished data

All

Range wide

140

3,348

(2,387–4,361)

80

4,778

(3,048–6,442)

Liguori et al. 2020 Liguori, J., J. L. Watson, F. Nicolletti, and D. Oleyar (2020). In-hand Guide to Diurnal North American Raptors. HawkWatch International, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Close

A

MT & WY

15

3,553

(3250-4180)

6

5,097

(4,600-6,000)

Lish et al. 2016 Lish, J. W., R. Domenech, B. E. Bedrosian, D. H. Ellis, and M. Payton (2016). Wing loading in North American Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Journal of Raptor Research 50: 70–75. Close

A

East NA

12

4,055

(3,540-4,430)

20

5,226

(4,200-6,460)

TAM, M. Lanzone, J. Cooper, unpublished data

SA

East NA

22

3,928

(3,370-4,500)

7

4,923

(4,250-6,020)

TAM, M. Lanzone, J. Cooper, unpublished data

J

MT & WY

5

3,730

(3,250-4400)

7

4,257

(3,600-5,300)

Lish et al. 2016 Lish, J. W., R. Domenech, B. E. Bedrosian, D. H. Ellis, and M. Payton (2016). Wing loading in North American Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Journal of Raptor Research 50: 70–75. Close

J

East NA

10

3,647

(2,690-4,300)

7

4,644

(4,300-5,120)

TAM, M. Lanzone, J. Cooper, unpublished data

Ecoregion Level II^b

Years (areas)

# Prey Items

Primary Prey

Secondary Prey

Tertiary Prey

Southern Arctic, Canada^c

4 (1)

44

Sciurids (U. parryii ^g)

Waterfowl (Branta canadensis, Somateria spp.)

Leporids (Lepus arcticus)

Alaska Tundra^d

2 (1)

727

Sciurids (S. parryii ^g)

Birds (Lagopus spp.)

Waterfowl (F. Anatidae)

Boreal Cordillera ^e

13 (1)

2,569

Sciurids (S. parryii ^g)

Leporids (Lepus americanus)

Birds (Lagopus lagopus)

Western Cordillera ^f

45 (1)

3,859

Sciurids (O. variegatusⁱ)

Sciurids (Marmota spp.)

Leporids (Lepus spp.)

West Central Semi-Arid Prairies ^f

7 (3)

2052

Leporids (Lepus spp., Sylvilagus spp.)

Birds

Sciurids (Cynomys spp.^k, Marmota spp.)

South Central Semi-Arid Prairies ^f

1 (1)

200

Leporids (Lepus spp., Sylvilagus spp.)

Sciurids (Cynomys spp.^k)

Other mammals

Cold Deserts ^f

129 (22)

36,641

Leporids (Lepus spp., Sylvilagus spp.)

Sciurids (Otospermophilus/ Urocitellus/Marmota/Cynomys spp.^k)

Birds

Warm Deserts ^f

10 (6)

1,790

Leporids (Lepus spp., Sylvilagus spp.)

Sciurids (O. variegatusⁱ)

Other mammals

Mediterranean California ^f

8 (3)

904

Sciurids (O. beecheyi^j)

Other mammals

Leporids (Lepus spp.)

Upper Gila Mountains ^f

1 (1)

336

Leporids (Lepus spp., Sylvilagus spp.)

Other mammals

Sciurids (O. variegatusⁱ, Cynomys spp.^k)

Location

Laying

Hatching

Source

Northeastern Alaska

16 April (28 March–14 May, 25)

28 May (9 May–25 June, 25)

Young et al. 1995 Young, D. D., Jr., C. L. McIntyre, P. J. Bente, T. R. McCabe and R. E. Ambrose (1995). Nesting by Golden Eagles on the north slope of the Brooks Range in northeastern Alaska. Journal of Field Ornithology 66: 373–379. Close

Northeastern Alaska

(13 April–14 May, 8)

(25 May–25 June, 8)

Ritchie and Curatolo 1982 Ritchie, R. J., and J. A. Curatolo (1982). Notes on Golden Eagle productivity and nest site characteristics, Porcupine River, Alaska, 1979–1982. Raptor Research 16: 123–127. Close

Nunavut Territory

24 April (13 April–4 May, 19)

5 Jun (25 May–15 June, 19)

Poole and Bromley 1988a Poole, K. G., and R. G. Bromley (1988a). Interrelationships within a raptor guild in the central Canadian Arctic. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66: 2275–2282. Close )

Seward Peninsula Alaska

19 April (16 March – 10 May, 175)

3 June (30 April-24 June, 175)

ADFG^a, unpublished data

Central Alaska

13 April (23 Mar–7 May, 902)

26 May (4 May–18 June, 902)

CLM

East-central Alaska

(4 - 28 April, 17)

(16 May - 9 June, 17)

Kozie and Bouton 1993 Kozie, K. D., and J. J. Bouton (1993). Raptor nesting surveys on active and potential mining claims in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve 1992. Wrangell-St Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST) Research and Resource Management, No. 92-05. National Park Service, Glennallen, AK, USA. Close , Kozie et al. 1993 Kozie, K. D., R. J. Steidl, C. McIntyre, and G. Dodge (1993). Surveys and reproductive success of cliff nesting raptors in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, 1993. WRST Research and Resource Management Report, No. 93-4. National Park Service, Copper Center, AK, USA. Close

Northeastern Wyoming

14 March (27 February–13 April, 86)

25 April (10 April–25 May, 86)

Phillips and Beske 1990 Phillips, R. L., and A. E. Beske (1990). Distribution and abundance of Golden Eagles and other raptors in Campbell and Converse Counties, Wyoming. U.S. Deptartment of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, USA. Close

Southeastern Wyoming

(20 March–4 April, 7)

(2 May–31 May, 7)

Schmalzried 1976 Schmalzried, J. T. (1976). Nesting and food habits of the Golden Eagle on the Laramie Plains. M.S. thesis, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA. Close

Northwestern Wyoming

8 March-26 March

19 April-7 May

Preston et al. 2017 Preston, C. R., R. E. Jones, and N. S. Horton (2017). Golden Eagle diet breadth and reproduction in relation to fluctuations in primary prey abundance in Wyoming's Bighorn Basin. Journal of Raptor Research 51: 347–367. Close

Northeastern Colorado

(10 March–1 April, 11)

(21 April–13 May, 11)

Olendorff 1973 Olendorff, R. R. (1973). The ecology of the nesting birds of prey of northeastern Colorado. U.S. International Biological Program, Grassland Biome Technical Report 211. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. Close

Washington

(15 February-17 April, 83)

(29 March-29 May, 83)

Hayes 2015 Hayes, G. E. (2015). Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting in Washington, 2013–2014. Final Annual Report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA, USA. Close

Southeastern Oregon

5 March (16 February–26 March 22)

16 April (30 March–7 May, 22)

Hickman 1968 Hickman, G. L. (1968). The ecology and breeding biology of the Golden Eagle in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Washington, DC, USA. Close

Southwestern Idaho

25 February (28 January–24 Mar, 60)

8 April (10 March–5 May, 60)

Hickman 1968 Hickman, G. L. (1968). The ecology and breeding biology of the Golden Eagle in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Washington, DC, USA. Close

Southwestern Idaho

1 March (3 February–17 April, 1,489)

12 April^b (17 March–29 May, 1,489)

USGS, unpublished data

Central Utah (desert)

1 March (16 January – 21 April, 913)

12 April (27 February–2 June, 913)

K. Keller, unpublished data

North-central Utah

(25 February–11 April^b, 9)

(12 April–16 April, 9)

Camenzind 1969 Camenzind, F. J. (1969). Nesting ecology and behavior of the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos L. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series 10(4):4–15, 35–36. Close

North-central Utah

7 March (21 February–2 April, 14)

18 April (3 April–14 May, 14)

Smith and Murphy 1973a Smith, D. G., and J. R. Murphy (1973). Breeding ecology of raptors in the eastern Great Basin of Utah. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series 13: 1–76. Close

Four Corners^c

2 March (2 February-1 April)

13 April (16 March-13 May)

Murphy et al. 2017 Murphy, R. K., J. R. Dunk, B. Woodbridge, D. W. Stahlecker, D. W. LaPlante, B. A. Millsap, and K. V. Jacobson (2017). First-year dispersal of Golden Eagles from natal areas in the southwestern United States and implications for second-year settling. Journal of Raptor Research 51(3): 216–233. Close

West-central California

27 February (5 February–15 March, 51)

9 April (19 March–26 April, 51)

Hunt et al. 1995b Hunt, W. G., R. E. Jackman, T. L. Brown, J. G. Gilardi, D. E. Driscoll, and L. Culp (1995). A pilot Golden Eagle population study in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California. Predatory Bird Research Group, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. Close

Central Mexico

10 February (21 January-2 March)

25 March (13 March-14 April)

Cruz-Romo et al.,^d unpublished data

Baja California, Mexico^e

11 February (9-12 February)

25 March (24–27 March)

De León-Girón 2017 de León-Girón, G. (2017). Abundancia, ecología reproductiva, dieta, uso de hábitat y amenazas del águila real (Aquila chrysaetos) en Baja California, México. Propuestas para su conservación. Ph.D. dissertation, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Close  

Study area location

Lat/long, center study area

Study years

Years of study

 N broods

3-brood years^a

Pr. by brood size

Data source

1

2

3

Zacatecas, MX

22.9 N, 102.5W

2015 - 2017

3

10

0

0.75

0.25

0.00

L. Valdes-Alarcón, unpublished data

Baja California, MX

31.3 N, 115.3 W

2013 - 2015

3

22

0

0.65

0.35

0.00

de León-Girón et al. 2016 de León-Girón, G., R. Rodríguez-Estrella, and G. Ruiz-Campos (2016). Current distribution status of Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in Northwestern Baja California, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87(4): 1328–1335. Close

AZ

34.4 N, 111.8 W

2015 - 2018

4

125

1

0.63

0.36

0.01

McCarty et al. 2015 McCarty, K. M., K. L. Licence, and K. V. Jacobson (2015). Arizona golden eagle productivity assessment and nest survey 2015. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Technical Report 300. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ, USA. Close , McCarty et al. 2016 McCarty, K. M., K. L. Licence, and K. V. Jacobson (2016). Arizona golden eagle productivity assessment 2016. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Technical Report 307. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ, USA. Close , McCarty et al. 2017 McCarty, K. M., K. L. Licence, and K. V. Jacobson (2017). Arizona golden eagle productivity assessment and nest survey 2017. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Technical Report 312. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ, USA. Close , McCarty et al. 2018 McCarty, K. M., K. L. Licence, and K. V. Jacobson (2018). Arizona golden eagle productivity assessment and nest survey 2018. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Technical Report 322. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ, USA. Close

Northeastern NM

36.0 N, 104.2 W

2006 - 2009

4

86

0

0.67

0.33

0.00

Stahlecker, D. and B. Howe, unpublished data

Navajo Nation, U.S.

36.1 N, 109.2 W

1996-2005, 2010, -12, 2015 -16

14

408

4

0.72

0.27

0.01

Navajo Nation, unpublished data; Stahlecker et al. 2017 Stahlecker, D. W., Z. P. Wallace, D. G. Mikesic, and C. S. Smith (2017). Does Hopi religious harvest of eaglets affect Golden Eagle territory occupancy and reproduction on the Navajo Nation? Journal of Raptor Research 51: 305–318. Close ;

Jicarilla Nation, NM

36.5 N, 107.1 W

2002 - 2018

17

192

3

0.66

0.32

0.02

Jicarilla Nation, unpublished data

Diablo Range, CA

37.5 N, 121.7 W

1994 - 2000

7

184

3

0.53

0.45

0.02

Hunt et al. 2017 Hunt, W. G, D. J. Wiens, P. R. Law, M. R. Fuller, T. L. Hunt, D. E. Driscoll, and R. E. Jackman (2017). Quantifying the demographic cost of human- related mortality to a raptor population. PLoS ONE12(2): e0172232. Close

Butte Valley, Siskiyou Country, CA

41.9 N, 122.0 W

1985- 97, 2014-16

16

180

1

0.19

0.80

0.01

Woodbridge, B., unpublished data

NE Panhandle, WW, northeast CO

42.6 N, 105.0 W

2014 - 2016

3

20

1

0.70

0.25

0.05

USFWS R6, D. Stahlecker, B. Smith, unpublished data;

Southwestern, ID

43.1 N, 115.9 W

1966 - 2012

47

1140

25

0.43

0.52

0.05

USGS, unpublished data

OR

43.9 N, 120.9 W

2011 - 2018

8

1187

6

0.62

0.36

0.02

Frank B. Isaacs, personal communication

Campbell & Converse Counties, WY

44.0 N, 105.7 W

1981 - 1985

5

331

3

0.54

0.44

0.02

Phillips and Beske 1990 Phillips, R. L., and A. E. Beske (1990). Distribution and abundance of Golden Eagles and other raptors in Campbell and Converse Counties, Wyoming. U.S. Deptartment of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, USA. Close

Yellowstone NP, WY

44.7 N, 110.3 W

2011 - 2018

8

40

0

0.85

0.15

0.00

USNPS, unpublished data

Southeastern MT, northern WY

44.9 N, 106.9 W

1975 - 1985

11

127

1

0.54

0.44

0.02

Phillips et al. 1990 Phillips, R. L., A. H. Wheeler, J. M. Lockhart, T. P. McEneaney, and N. C. Forrester (1990). Nesting ecology of Golden Eagles and other raptors in southeastern Montana and northern Wyoming. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, USA. Close

Livingston, Montana

45.7 N, 110.6 W

2010 - 2018

9

181

1

0.65

0.34

0.01

R. Crandall, unpublished data; Crandall 2013 Crandall, R. H. (2013). Identifying environmental factors influencing Golden Eagle presence and reproductive success. M.S. thesis, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA. Close ); Crandall et al. 2015 Crandall, R. H., B. E. Bedrosian, and D. Craighead (2015). Habitat selection and factors influencing nest survival of Golden Eagles in south-central Montana. Journal of Raptor Research 49: 413–428 Close ; Crandall et al. 2016 Crandall, R. H., D. J. Craighead, and B. E. Bedrosian (2016). A comparison of nest survival between cliff- and tree-nesting Golden Eagles. Journal of Raptor Research 50(3): 295–300. Close

Sainte-Marguerite 3, QC, Canada

51.1 N, 66.7 W

1994, 97-98, 2000, -02, -04, -07

7

22

0

0.82

0.18

0.00

Morneau et al. 2012 Morneau, F., B. Gagnon, S. Poliquin, P. Lamothe, N. D'Astous, and J. A. Tremblay (2012). Breeding status and population trends of Golden Eagles in northeastern Québec, Canada. Avian Conservation and Ecology 7(2): 4. Close , Morneau 2008 Morneau, F. (2008). Aménagement hydroélectrique de la Sainte-Marguerite-3. Étude de l’aigle royal et de la sauvagine 1994–2007. Rapport synthèse préparé pour Hydro-Québec Production. François Morneau Biologiste conseil, Montreal, QC, Canada. Close

Kisaralik River, Yukon Delta NWR, AK

60.4 N, 159.9 W

1991-2004, 2012-14

16

99

5

0.55

0.38

0.07

B. J. McCaffery, USFWS, unpublished data

Sustina Watana Hydro Project, AK

62.8 N, 148.4 W

2012 - 2014

3

15

0

0.73

0.27

0.00

ABR, Inc. 2015

Denali NP, AK

63.6 N, 149.6 W

1988 - 2018

31

852

16

0.59

0.37

0.04

C.L. McIntyre, NPS, unpublished data

Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada

67.7 N, 115.6 W

2015 - 2018

4

25

0

0.63

0.37

0.00

Lamont et al. 2015^b; 2017^c; unpublished data; Hawkshaw et al. 2018^d

Brooks Range, ANWR, AK

69.5 N, 144.0 W

1988 - 1990

3

20

0

0.78

0.22

0.00

Young et al. 1995 Young, D. D., Jr., C. L. McIntyre, P. J. Bente, T. R. McCabe and R. E. Ambrose (1995). Nesting by Golden Eagles on the north slope of the Brooks Range in northeastern Alaska. Journal of Field Ornithology 66: 373–379. Close

Total/mean

223

5,2660

70

0.63

0.35

0.02

Age

Region

Estimator

Season

Mean (km²)

Range (km²)

Source

Adult

Alaska

KDE

Breeding

1,409

7 – 29,267

Booms et al, unpublished

Mojave Desert, California

aLoCoH

Monthly

308

4.5 – 3,547

Braham et al. 2015 Braham, M., T. Miller, A. E. Duerr, M. Lanzone, A. Fesnock, L. LaPre, D. Driscoll, and T. Katzner (2015). Home in the heat: Dramatic seasonal variation in home range of desert Golden Eagles informs management for renewable energy development. Biological Conservation 186: 225–232. Close

Tehachapi, California

aLoCoH

Monthly

104

3 - 650

Poessel et al. 2016 Poessel, S. A., P. H. Bloom, M. A. Braham, and T. E. Katzner (2016). Age- and season-specific variation in local and long-distance movement behavior of Golden Eagles. European Journal of Wildlife Research 62: 377–393. Close

Eastern North America

aLoCoH

Breeding

2,758

37 – 14,625

Miller et al. 2017 Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719. Close

Non-breeding

1,499

44 – 9,341

Miller et al. 2017 Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719. Close

SW Idaho

MCcP

Breeding

23

2 – 83

Marzluff et al. 1997 Marzluff, J. M., S. T. Knick, M. S. Vekasy, L. S. Schueck, and T. J. Zarriello (1997). Spatial use and habitat selection of Golden Eagles in southwestern Idaho. Auk 114(4): 673–687. Close

Non-breeding

305

14 – 1,700

Marzluff et al. 1997 Marzluff, J. M., S. T. Knick, M. S. Vekasy, L. S. Schueck, and T. J. Zarriello (1997). Spatial use and habitat selection of Golden Eagles in southwestern Idaho. Auk 114(4): 673–687. Close

--

Breeding

29

5 – 49

Dunstan et al. 1978 Dunstan, T. C., J. H. Harper, and K. B. Phipps (1978). Habitat use and hunting strategies of Prairie Falcons, Red-tailed Hawks, and Golden Eagles. Report submitted to Bureau of Land Management, Denver, CO, USA. Close

Non-breeding

9

3 – 17

Dunstan et al. 1978 Dunstan, T. C., J. H. Harper, and K. B. Phipps (1978). Habitat use and hunting strategies of Prairie Falcons, Red-tailed Hawks, and Golden Eagles. Report submitted to Bureau of Land Management, Denver, CO, USA. Close

--

Breeding

44

--

Schueck unpublished

Non-breeding

248

--

Schueck unpublished

Columbia Basin

BBMM

Breeding

42

--

Watson et al. 2014 Watson, J. W., A. A. Duff, and R. W. Davies (2014). Home range and resource selection by GPS-monitored adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for wind power development. Journal of Wildlife Management 78: 1012–1021. Close

Non-breeding

87

--

Watson et al. 2014 Watson, J. W., A. A. Duff, and R. W. Davies (2014). Home range and resource selection by GPS-monitored adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for wind power development. Journal of Wildlife Management 78: 1012–1021. Close

Wyoming

--

Breeding

24

--

Platt 1984 Platt, S. W. (1984). Energy development and raptor populations on and adjacent to the Black Butte Coal Co. mine permit area. Point of Rocks, WY: Black Butte Coal Co. Close

Non-breeding

14

--

Platt 1984 Platt, S. W. (1984). Energy development and raptor populations on and adjacent to the Black Butte Coal Co. mine permit area. Point of Rocks, WY: Black Butte Coal Co. Close

Western North America

MCvP

Non-breeding

12,693

814 – 46,648

Domenech et al. 2015 Domenech, R., T. Pitz, K. Gray, and M. Smith (2015). Estimating natal origins of migratory juvenile Golden Eagles using stable hydrogen isotopes. Journal of Raptor Research 49(3): 308–315. Close

Sweden

KDE

Breeding

245

70 – 580

Moss et al. 2014 Moss, E. H., T. Hipkiss, F. Ecke, H. Dettki, P. Sandström, P. H. Bloom, J. W. Kidd, S. E. Thomas, and B. Hörnfeldt (2014). Home-range size and examples of post-nesting movements for adult Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in boreal Sweden. Journal of Raptor Research 48(2): 93–105. Close

Finland

MCvP

Breeding

297

154 – 783

Tikkanen et al. 2018 Tikkanen, H., S. Rytkönen, O. P. Karlin, T. Ollila, V. M. Pakanen, H. Tuohimaa, and M. Orell (2018). Modelling golden eagle habitat selection and flight activity in their home ranges for safer wind farm planning. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 71: 120–131 Close

Ethiopia

Spot mapping

Breeding

4

2 – 9

Clouet et al. 1999 Clouet, M., C. Barrau, and J.-L. Goar (1999). The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Balé Mountains, Ethiopia. Journal of Raptor Research 33(2):102–109. Close

Scotland

MCvP

Breeding

74

39.7 – 128

McGrady et al. 2002 McGrady, J. J., J. R. Grant, I. P. Bainbridge, and D. R. A. McLeod (2002). A model of golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) ranging behavior. Journal of Raptor Research 36: 62–69 Close

Scotland

Spot mapping

Breeding

30

16 – 47

Fielding and Haworth 1995 Fielding, A. H., and P. F. Haworth (1995). Testing the generality of bird‐habitat models. Conservation Biology 9(6): 1466–1481 Close

Subadult

Alaska

KDE

Breeding

4,184

22 – 16,473

Booms et al, unpublished

Tehachapi, California

aLoCoH

Monthly

408

6 – 1,501

Poessel et al. 2016 Poessel, S. A., P. H. Bloom, M. A. Braham, and T. E. Katzner (2016). Age- and season-specific variation in local and long-distance movement behavior of Golden Eagles. European Journal of Wildlife Research 62: 377–393. Close

Eastern North America

aLoCoH

Breeding

9,361

68 – 110,446

Miller et al. 2017 Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719. Close

Non-breeding

2,874

51 – 27,429

Miller et al. 2017 Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719. Close

Juvenile

Eastern North America

aLoCoH

Breeding

4,483

126 – 16,910

Miller et al. 2017 Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719. Close

Non-breeding

3,750

97 – 27,970

Miller et al. 2017 Miller, T. A., R. P. Brooks, M. J. Lanzone, J. Cooper, K. O’Malley, D. Brandes, A. Duerr, and T. E. Katzner (2017). Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America. Condor 119: 697–719. Close

Tehachapi, California

aLoCoH

Monthly

45

3 - 86

Poessel et al. 2016 Poessel, S. A., P. H. Bloom, M. A. Braham, and T. E. Katzner (2016). Age- and season-specific variation in local and long-distance movement behavior of Golden Eagles. European Journal of Wildlife Research 62: 377–393. Close

Southwestern North America

MCvP

Nov-April

2,304

--

Murphy et al. 2017 Murphy, R. K., J. R. Dunk, B. Woodbridge, D. W. Stahlecker, D. W. LaPlante, B. A. Millsap, and K. V. Jacobson (2017). First-year dispersal of Golden Eagles from natal areas in the southwestern United States and implications for second-year settling. Journal of Raptor Research 51(3): 216–233. Close

Western North America

KDE

Non-breeding

25,257

4,429 – 69,478

Paulson 2017 Paulson, M. D. (2017). Space use and habitat associations of long-distance migratory first-year golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) from interior Alaska in a changing landscape. M.S. thesis, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. Close

Sweden

MCvP

Post-fledging

41

3 - 96

Sandgren et al. 2014 Sandgren, C., T. Hipkiss, H. Dettki, F. Ecke, and B. Hörnfeldt (2014). Habitat use and ranging behaviour of juvenile Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos within natal home ranges in boreal Sweden. Bird Study 61(1): 9–16. Close