Distribution

The Greater Flamingo's range spans Africa, western Asia, and southern Europe.

Breeding Range

Breeding sites may vary from year to year depending on environmental conditions. The sites where breeding has been documented are listed below.

On the African continent, in southern Africa, it breeds at St. Lucia Lake and De Hoop Vlei (South Africa), Etosha Pan (Namibia), and Makgadikgadi and Sua pans (Botswana) (72 Berry, H. H. (1975). South West Africa. In Flamingos (J. Kear and N. Duplaix-Hall, Editors). T & A D Poyser, Berkhamsted. pp.53–60. Close , 73 Broekhuysen, G. J. (1975). South Africa. In Flamingos (J. Kear and N. Duplaix-Hall, Editors). T & A D Poyser, Berkhamsted. pp. 61–64. Close , 10 Johnson, A. R., and F. Cézilly (2007). The Greater Flamingo. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, UK Close ). In eastern Africa, it nests in Lake Natron (Tanzania), Lake Magadi and Lake Elmenteita (Kenya), and Shalla Lake (Ethiopia) (74 Brown, L. H. (1975). East Africa. In Flamingos (J. Kear and N. Duplaix-Hall, Editors). T & A D Poyser, Berkhamsted. pp. 38–48. Close , 10 Johnson, A. R., and F. Cézilly (2007). The Greater Flamingo. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, UK Close ). In western Africa, breeding has been recorded in the Khnifiss Lagoon (Morocco) (75 Radi, M., E. M. Laghzaoui, R. El Hamoumi, A. Qninba, A. Rihane, and M. Dakki (2022). Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) breeding again in Morocco after more than half a century. Go-South Bulletin 19:33–36. Close ), as well as the Kaolack saltworks (Senegal) (10 Johnson, A. R., and F. Cézilly (2007). The Greater Flamingo. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, UK Close ), Banc d’Arguin, Aftout es Saheli, and Chott Boul (Mauritania) (76 Valverde, J. A. (1957). Aves del Sáhara Español. Estudio Ecológico del Desierto. Instituto de Estudios Africanos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid. Close , 77 Isenmann, P., M. Benmergui, P. Browne, A. D. Ba, C. H. Diagana, Y. Diawara, and Z. El Abidine ould Sidaty (2010). Oiseaux de Mauritanie. Birds of Mauritania. Société d’Etudes Ornithologiques de France, Paris. In French and English. Close , 78 Moreno-Opo, R., Z. E. Ould Sidaty, J. M. Baldó, F. García, D. Ould Sehla Daf, and L. M. González (2013). A breeding colony of the Near Threatened Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor in western Africa: a conservation story of threats and land management. Bird Conservation International 23:426–436. Close ). In Western Sahara, Greater Flamingo was a rare breeder, and it was only recorded before 1955 in Saguia el-Hamra and at Dawra (79 Bergier, P., M. Thévenot, and A. Qninba (2017). Oiseaux du Sahara Atlantique Marocain. Societé d'Etudes Ornithologiques de France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Close ). In northern Africa, breeding has been recorded in Tunisia in Sebkhet de Sidi El Hani, Sebkhet Sidi Mansour, Chott el Djerid, Chott el Fejej, Chott el Guettar, Garaet Zougrata, Sebkhet el Jem, Lake of Tunis, Korba Lagoon, Sebkhet Halk el Menzel, Sahiline saltworks/Monastir, and Thyna saltworks/Sfax (80 Isenmann, P., T. Gaultier, A. El Hili, H. Azafzaf, H. Dlensi, and M. Smart (2005). Oiseaux de Tunisie / Birds of Tunisia. Société d’Études Ornithologiques de France, Paris, France. (In French and English.) Close , 81 Oiuni, R., A. Nefla, and S. Nouira (2015). Premier cas de nidification du Flamant rose dans la lagune de Korba (Cap Bon, Tunisie). Bulletin de l’Institute Scientifique, Rabat, Section des Sciences de la Vie 37:65–70. Close , 82 Hamrouni, H., Alileche, S. and Ouni, R. (2013). Premier cas de nidification du Flamant Rose Phoenicopterus roseus dans la Lagune de Halk el Menzel (Tunisie). Alauda 81(4):313. Close ). In Algeria, breeding has been recorded at Ezzemoul, Bazer Sakra, El Menia, Chott el Hodna, and Safioune (83 Samraoui, B., A. Ouldjaoui, M. Boulkhssaïm, M. Houhamdi, M. Saheb, and A. Béchet (2006). The first recorded reproduction of the Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus in Algeria: behavioural and ecological aspects. Ostrich 77:153–159. Close , 84 Boulkhssaïm, M., A. Ouldjaoui, N. Baaziz, R. Zebsa, N. Sekrane, F. Ayaichia, M. Bouriach, R. Friha, A. Habess, and B. Samraoui (2009). Mass reproduction of the Greater Flamingo at Ezzemoul, Algeria in 2009 and the need to reassess the role of North African wetlands. Flamingo 17:48–53. Close , 85 Bouzid, A., A. Yousfi, M. Boulkhssaim, and B. Samraoui (2009). Première nidification réussie du Flamant rose Phoenicopterus roseus dans le Sahara algérien. Alauda 77:139–143. Close , 86 Mesbah, A., N. B. Baaziz, N. Baaziz, M. Boulkhssaima, A. Bouzida, A. Ouldjaouia, A. Boucheker, R. Nedjah, L. Touati, F. Samraoui, and B. Samraoui (2014). Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus breeding attempts on the Hauts Plateaux and in the Algerian Sahara, in 2011–13. The Bulletin of the African Bird Club 21(2):187–192. Close ). In Egypt, breeding has been recorded at El Malaha, Zaranik, and Bir al-Abd (87 Goodman, S. M., and P. L. Meininger, Editors (1989). The Birds of Egypt. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK and New York, USA. Close ).

In Asia, Greater Flamingo bred in Lake Urmia (Iran) (32 Scott, D. A. (1975). Iran. In Flamingos (J. Kear and N. Duplaix-Hall, Editors). T and A&D Poyser, Berkhamsted. pp. 28–32. Close ), Al-Faw (Iraq) (88 Koning, F. J., and J. Rooth (1975). Greater Flamingos in Asia. In Flamingos (J. Kear, and N. Duplaix-Hall, Editors). T and A&D Poyser, Berkhamsted, UK. pp. 33–34. Close ), Sabkhat al-Jabbul (Syria) (89 Serra, G., D. Murdoch, F. Turkelboom, F. Travert, Y. Mujawer, and D. A. Scott (2006). Sabkhat al-Jabbul, a threatened Ramsar wetland in Syria. Sandgrouse 28(2):127–141. Close ), Warba and Bubiyan islands (Kuwait) (90 Jennings, M. C. (2010). Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Arabia. Fauna of Arabia 25. King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Wildlife Commission & Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia & Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Close ), Al Wathba, Shahama, and Bul Syayeef (United Arab Emirates) (91 Khan, S. B., S. Javed, S. Ahmed, J. N. Shah, A. Ali Al Hammadi, and E. Ali Al Hammadi (2017). Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus): important wintering sites and breeding records in the United Arab Emirates. Zoology in the Middle East 63(3):194–201. Close ), near Hodeidah (Yemen) (90 Jennings, M. C. (2010). Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Arabia. Fauna of Arabia 25. King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Wildlife Commission & Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia & Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Close ), Dasht-e-Nwar and Ab-e-Istada (Afghanistan) (88 Koning, F. J., and J. Rooth (1975). Greater Flamingos in Asia. In Flamingos (J. Kear, and N. Duplaix-Hall, Editors). T and A&D Poyser, Berkhamsted, UK. pp. 33–34. Close ), Chelkar-Tengiz Lake (Kazakhstan), Sambhar Lake, and Great and Little Rann of Kutch (India) (10 Johnson, A. R., and F. Cézilly (2007). The Greater Flamingo. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, UK Close ). Breeding was recorded in Pacham Island (India) in 1943 (92 Roberts, T. J. (1991). The Birds of Pakistan. Volume 1. Non-Passeriformes. Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan. Close ). In Türkiye, breeding has been recorded at the Çamaltı Tuzlası saltworks, Acıgöl, Tuz Gölü, Seyfe Gölü, Sultansazligi, and Eregli marshes (88 Koning, F. J., and J. Rooth (1975). Greater Flamingos in Asia. In Flamingos (J. Kear, and N. Duplaix-Hall, Editors). T and A&D Poyser, Berkhamsted, UK. pp. 33–34. Close , 93 Kirwan, G. M., K. A. Boyla, P. Castell, B. Demirci, M. Özen, H. Welch, and T. Marlow (2008). The Birds of Turkey: the Distribution, Taxonomy and Breeding of Turkish Birds. Christopher Helm, London, UK Close ).

In Europe, it nests in several places across the Mediterranean region. In Spain, it has been recorded breeding in Fuente de Piedra Lake (Málaga), the Guadalquivir marshes (Huelva-Sevilla), the Odiel marshes (Huelva), the Trinidad saltworks in the Ebro River delta (Tarragona), the El Hondo reservoir (Alicante), the Santa Pola saltworks (Alicante), the Torrevieja saltworks (Alicante), Pétrola Lake (Albacete), Gallocanta Lake (Aragón Region, Spain), and Albufera de Valencia Lagoon (94 Rendón-Martos, M. (2003). Flamenco Común. Phoenicopterus roseus. In Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de España (R. Martí and J. C. Del Moral, Editors), Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza-Sociedad Española de Ornitología, Madrid. pp. 128–129. Close , 95 Amigos de Gallocanta (2022). Noticiario ornitológico. Flamenco común Phoenicopterus roseus. Ardeola 69(2):377. Close , 96 Servicio Devesa-Albufera (2023). Noticiario ornitológico. Flamenco común Phoenicopterus roseus. Ardeola 70(2):312–313. Close ). Failed breeding attempts have also been recorded in Spain in Manjavacas Lake (Cuenca), Larga de Villacañas Lake (Toledo), and Alcázar de San Juan Lake (Ciudad Real) (94 Rendón-Martos, M. (2003). Flamenco Común. Phoenicopterus roseus. In Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de España (R. Martí and J. C. Del Moral, Editors), Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza-Sociedad Española de Ornitología, Madrid. pp. 128–129. Close ). Other European nesting sites include the Camargue (France) (97 Johnson, A. (1975). Camargue flamingos. In Flamingos (J. Kear and N. Duplaix-Hall, Editors). T and A&D Poyser, Berkhamsted, UK. pp.17-25. Close ), the Molentargius and Macchiareddu saltworks/Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy), Margherita di Savoia (Italy), Orbetello (Italy), Comacchio (Italy), Venice Lagoon (Italy), Diaccia Botrona (Italy) (98 Johnson, A. (2001). Flamingos continue to colonise new sites in the Mediterranean. Flamingo Specialist Group Newsletter 10:43. Close , 10 Johnson, A. R., and F. Cézilly (2007). The Greater Flamingo. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, UK Close , 99 Baccetti, N., L. Panzarin, F. Cianchi, L. Puglisi, M. Basso, and E. Arcamone (2008). Two new Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) breeding sites in Italy. Flamingo 16:24–27. Close , 52 Geraci, J., Béchet, A., Cézilly, F., Ficheux, S., Baccetti, N., Samraoui, B. and Wattier, R. (2012). Greater flamingo colonies around the Mediterranean form a single interbreeding population and share a common history. Journal of Avian Biology 43:341–354. Close ), Cyprus (100 Hadjisterkotis, E., and M. Charalambides (2002). The first evidence for the breeding of the Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber on Cyprus. Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft 48(Supplement):72–76. Close ), and Aliki Kitros (Greece) (98 Johnson, A. (2001). Flamingos continue to colonise new sites in the Mediterranean. Flamingo Specialist Group Newsletter 10:43. Close ). In 2017, it bred in Syvash Lake, Crimea, Ukraine (101 Popenko, V. М., and Yu. O. Andryushchenko (2017). Hnizduvannya flaminho rozhevoho (Phoenicopterus roseus) v Ukrayini. Branta: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Azovo-Chernomorskoy ornitologicheskoy stantsii 20:220–223. Close ).Greater Flamingo attempted breeding in Atanasovsko Lake (Bulgaria) in 2023 (102 Boev, Z. N. (2023). Past and Present Distribution of the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus Pallas, 1811) (Phoenicopteridae Bonaparte, 1831) in Bulgaria. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Plovdiv 8:25–35. Close ).

Nonbreeding Range

Between breeding events, flamingos can be present in any place where the species occurs away from specific breeding sites, which can include non-breeding individuals during the breeding season. In Africa, where they are considered resident, this can occur at any time of the year, as it could include birds that have not started breeding yet.

In East Africa, Greater Flamingo is present from the coast of the Red Sea to eastern Africa in Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania, including Madagascar and the Seychelles Islands (10 Johnson, A. R., and F. Cézilly (2007). The Greater Flamingo. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, UK Close ). In southern Africa, it is present in Botswana, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, Angola, and Namibia (10 Johnson, A. R., and F. Cézilly (2007). The Greater Flamingo. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, UK Close ). In western Africa, it is observed along the Atlantic coast from Mauritania to Guinea-Bissau, including the Bijagos Islands, Senegal, Gambia, the Canary Islands, and the Cape Verde Islands (10 Johnson, A. R., and F. Cézilly (2007). The Greater Flamingo. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, UK Close , 103 Hazevoet, C. J. (2010). Sixth report on birds from the Cape Verde Islands, including records of 25 taxa new to the archipelago. Zoologia Caboverdiana 1(1):3–44. Close ). It has also been observed in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Niger, Cameroon, Gabon, and Congo (104 Serle, W., G. J. Morel, and W. Hartwig (1977). A Field Guide to the Birds of West Africa. Collins, London, UK. Close ). In North Africa, it is found all year round in Algeria (105 Isenmann, P., and A. Moali (2010). Oiseaux d’Algerie [Birds of Algeria]. Societé d’Études Ornithologiques de France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Close ), Tunisia (80 Isenmann, P., T. Gaultier, A. El Hili, H. Azafzaf, H. Dlensi, and M. Smart (2005). Oiseaux de Tunisie / Birds of Tunisia. Société d’Études Ornithologiques de France, Paris, France. (In French and English.) Close ), and Libya (106 Isenmann, P., J. Hering, S. Brehme, M. Essghaier, K. Etayeb, E. Bourass, and H. Azafzaf (2016). Oiseaux de Libye [Birds of Libya]. Societé d’Etudes Ornithologiques de France, Paris, France. Close ). In Western Sahara, wintering birds are observed in the Laâyoune marshes, Khenifiss Lagoon, Dakhla bay, and in the mouths of oued Ouaar, oued Chebeika, oued Ouma Fatma, and Draa (79 Bergier, P., M. Thévenot, and A. Qninba (2017). Oiseaux du Sahara Atlantique Marocain. Societé d'Etudes Ornithologiques de France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Close ).

In Asia, it is present in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka (10 Johnson, A. R., and F. Cézilly (2007). The Greater Flamingo. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, UK Close ). Greater Flamingo has also been recorded wintering in Bul Syayeef Marine Protected Area, Al Wathba Wetland Reserve, Shahama Wetland, Al Aryam Mudflats, and other lagoons (United Arab Emirates) (91 Khan, S. B., S. Javed, S. Ahmed, J. N. Shah, A. Ali Al Hammadi, and E. Ali Al Hammadi (2017). Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus): important wintering sites and breeding records in the United Arab Emirates. Zoology in the Middle East 63(3):194–201. Close ). In Türkiye, it was observed wintering in the Aegean, Mediterranean, and eastern Anatolia areas (93 Kirwan, G. M., K. A. Boyla, P. Castell, B. Demirci, M. Özen, H. Welch, and T. Marlow (2008). The Birds of Turkey: the Distribution, Taxonomy and Breeding of Turkish Birds. Christopher Helm, London, UK Close ). In Israel, it is a passage migrant, winter visitor, and summer visitor (107 Shirihai, H. (1996). The Birds of Israel: A Complete Avifauna and Bird Atlas of Israel. Academic Press, London, UK. Close ). In Armenia, it is a rare fall visitor (108 Adamian, M. S., and D. Klem (1999). Handbook of the Birds of Armenia. American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia. Close ).

In Europe, Greater Flamingo occurs in southern countries. In Portugal, it is found in the Sado and Tagus estuaries (109 Guedes, R. S., and A. M. Teixeira (1991). O Flamingos in Portugal. In Reunión técnica sobre la situación y problemática del Flamenco rosa Phoenicopterus ruber roseus en el Mediterráneo Occidental y Africa Noroccidental. Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla. pp. 53–61. Close ). In Spain, it is found (in winter especially) in the Guadalquivir marshes, the Odiel marshes, Cádiz bay, some sites on the Mediterranean coast, and inland lakes of the Andalusia and Castilla La Mancha regions (110 Rendón-Martos, M., and A. Garrido (2012). Flamenco común. Phoenicopterus roseus. In Atlas de las aves en invierno en España 2007-2010 (J. C. Del Moral, B. Molina, A. Bermejo, and D. Palomino, Editors), Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente-SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. pp. 158–159. Close ). In France, it is present in wetlands along the Mediterranean coast and in Corsica. In Italy, it is observed in Sardinia (111 Toschi, A. (1975). Sardinia. In Flamingos (J. Kear and N. Duplaix-Hall, Editors). T and A&D Poyser, Berkhamsted. pp. 26–27. Close ), Sicily, Tuscany, Apulia, and Ravenna. In the Balkans, it occurs in coastal wetlands from Croatia to Greece, on the Aegean islands of Kos, Samos, Lesvos, Limnos and Naxos, and Cyprus. It also occurs in Ukraine (10 Johnson, A. R., and F. Cézilly (2007). The Greater Flamingo. T. & A. D. Poyser, London, UK Close ).

Introduced Range

There is a breeding site in Zwillbrocker Venn (Germany) of birds of an unknown origin, presumably escaped from captivity (112 Treep, J. (2000). Flamingos Presumably Escaped from Captivity Find Suitable Habitat in Western Europe. Waterbirds 23(Special Publication 1):32–37. Close ). In central Europe, Greater Flamingo winters in the joint delta of the rivers Rhine, Meuse, and Scheldt in the Netherlands; these are birds that likely escaped from captivity (112 Treep, J. (2000). Flamingos Presumably Escaped from Captivity Find Suitable Habitat in Western Europe. Waterbirds 23(Special Publication 1):32–37. Close ).

Extralimital records

Greater Flamingo has been recorded in Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Hebrides Islands, Denmark, Norway, Germany, Poland, Sweden, Saint Petersburg (Russia), and at several sites in Siberia: Tomsk, Atschinsk, Kusnetzk, Barnaul, Minussink, and Baikal Lake (34 Bauer, K. M. and U. N. Glutz Von Blotzheim. (1966). Handbuch der Vogel Mitteleuropas. Vol. I. Frankfurt am Main: Adademische Verlagsgesellschaft. Close , 4 Cramp, S., and K. E. L. Simmons, Editors (1977). The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Volume 1. Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Close , 113 Mlíkovský, J. (2009). Waterbirds of Lake Baikal, eastern Siberia, Russia. Forktail 25:13–70. Close ). There is a non-dated record at Haa Alifu Atoll in the Maldive Islands (114 Ash, J. S., and A. Shafeeg (1994). Birds of the Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean. Forktail 10:3–32. Close ).

In China, in 1997 a Greater Flamingo was captured at Erbao, and another near Urumqi (115 Ma Ming (1999). Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber and Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas galactotes: two new species for China. Forktail 15:105–106. Close ). In Mongolia, there is a record in Khar-Us Lake (Khovd Province) in 1947, and another in the Shiskhid River (Hövsgöl Province) in 1996 (116 Gombobaatar, S., and C. Leahy (2019). Birds of Mongolia. Christopher Helm, London. Close ).

There is a record at Lagoa de Araruama, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, on 28 November 2021 (117 Delfino, H. C., and C. J. Carlos (2022). On the wrong side of the Atlantic: first record of wild Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus in Brazil and in the Americas? Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 142(2):231—238. Close ).

In Morocco, Greater Flamingo bred at Iriki in the middle Draa valley in 1958, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, but it did not breed there again after the Draa River was dammed in the 1970s (118 Thévenot, M., R. Vernon, and P. Bergier (2003). The Birds of Morocco: An Annotated Check-list. British Ornithologists’ Union Check-list 20. British Ornithologists’ Union, Tring, UK. Close ). In the Cape Verde Islands (Africa), eggs were observed and chicks were caught in the mid-1800s on the island of Boavista, but it has not bred there again (119 de Naurois, R. (1994). Les Oiseaux de l’Archipel du Cap Vert. As Aves do Arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Lisboa. In French and Portuguese. Close ). Also in the Cape Verde Islands, reproduction was recorded on the island of Sal in the 19th century (120 Hazevoet, C. J. (1995). The Birds of the Cape Verde Islands: An Annotated Check-list. B.O.U. Check-list 13. British Ornithologists’ Union, Tring, UK. Close ).

North and east of the Caspian Sea, Greater Flamingo nested during the 1800s in the lower reaches of the river Emba (Kazakhstan), in Krasnovodsky Bay (Turkmenistan), in the Kamyshin region, in Lake Inderskoe (Astrakhan, Russia), and in the lower reaches of the Ural river (Russia). All these breeding colonies disappeared in the early 1900s (121 Kassal, B. Y. (2017). Zoogeographical results of the bicentennial study of the northern part of the Asian population of Phoenicopterus roseus. Nature Conservation Research 2(1):2–32. Close ).

In Europe, the breeding range was restricted to the western Mediterranean until the 1990s (122 Johnson, A. (1997). Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo. In The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds: Their Distribution and Abundance (E. J. M. Hagemeijer and M. J. Blair, Editors), T and A&D Poyser, London, United Kingdom. pp. 62. Close ). During the intervening years between the first European ornithological atlas (122 Johnson, A. (1997). Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo. In The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds: Their Distribution and Abundance (E. J. M. Hagemeijer and M. J. Blair, Editors), T and A&D Poyser, London, United Kingdom. pp. 62. Close ) and the second European ornithological atlas (123 Carboneras, C., and A. Béchet (2020). Phoenicopterus roseus Greater Flamingo. In European Breeding Atlas 2. Distribution, Abundance and Change (V. Keller, S. Herrando, P. Voříšek, M. Franch, M. Kipson, P. Milanesi, D. Martí, M. Anton, A. Klvaňová, M. V. Kalyakin, H. G. Bauer, and R. P. B. Foppen, Editors), European Bird Census Coiuncil & Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 177. Close ), the species has spread eastwards and breeds more often in Italy and Türkiye (123 Carboneras, C., and A. Béchet (2020). Phoenicopterus roseus Greater Flamingo. In European Breeding Atlas 2. Distribution, Abundance and Change (V. Keller, S. Herrando, P. Voříšek, M. Franch, M. Kipson, P. Milanesi, D. Martí, M. Anton, A. Klvaňová, M. V. Kalyakin, H. G. Bauer, and R. P. B. Foppen, Editors), European Bird Census Coiuncil & Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 177. Close ).