Habitat

The Olive Oropendola inhabits tall, humid terra firme forest (19 Terborgh, J., S. K. Robinson, T. A. Parker, C. A. Munn, and N. Pierpont (1990). Structure and organization of an Amazonian forest bird community. Ecological Monographs 60(2):213–238. Close , 121 Robbins, M. B., A. P. Capparalla, R. S. Ridgely, and S. W. Cardiff (1991). Avifauna of the Río Manití and Quebrada Vainilla, Peru. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 143:145–159. Close , 42 Zimmer, K. J., and S. L. Hilty (1997). Avifauna of a locality in the upper Orinoco drainage of Amazonas, Venezuela. Studies in Neotropical Ornithology Honoring Ted Parker. Ornithological Monographs 48. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 865–885. Close , 68 Aleixo, A., and F. Poletto (2007). Birds of an open vegetation enclave in southern Brazilian Amazonia. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119:610–630. Close , 190 Guilherme, E., E. L. Marques, and G. S. Santos (2018). Avifauna of a white-sand vegetation enclave in north-West Rondônia, Brazil: Relevant Records, body mass and morphometrics. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 138:286. Close ), including open bamboo forests (146 Lebbin, D. J. (2007). Habitat specialization among Amazonian birds: why are there so many Guadua bamboo specialists? Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. Close , 149 Guilherme, E., and M. P. D. Santos (2009). Birds associated with bamboo forests in eastern Acre, Brazil. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 129(4):229–240. Close , 191 Harvey, M. G., D. F. Lane, J. Hite, R. S. Terrill, S. Figueroa Ramírez, B. T. Smith, J. Klicka, and W. Vargas Campos (2014). Notes on bird species in bamboo in northern Madre de Dios, Peru, including the first Peruvian record of Acre Tody-Tyrant (Hemitriccus cohnhafti). Occasional Papers of the Museum Zoology, Louisiana State University 81:1–38. Close , 160 Lima, J. M., D. P. Guimarães and E. Guilherme (2019). Notes on bird breeding activity in a lowland forest in south-west Brazilian Amazonia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 139:338-345. Close ). Additionally, it is found in nearby plantations (67 Guilherme, E. (2016). Aves do Acre. Editoria da Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil. Close ), varzea forests (19 Terborgh, J., S. K. Robinson, T. A. Parker, C. A. Munn, and N. Pierpont (1990). Structure and organization of an Amazonian forest bird community. Ecological Monographs 60(2):213–238. Close , 3 Hilty, S. L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. Close ), wide riparian forests (184 Ocampo-Peñuela, N., and A. Etter (2013). Contribution of different forest types to the bird community of a savanna landscape in Colombia. Ornitologia Neotropical 24:35–53. Close ), transitional forests with secondary growth (161 Terborgh, J. W., J. W. Fitzpatrick and L. Emmons. (1984). Annotated checklist of bird and mammal species of Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Manu National Park, Peru. Fieldiana, Zoology, New Series No 21:1-29. Close , 128 Canaday, C. (1997). Loss of insectivorous birds along a gradient of human impact in Amazonia. Biological Conservation 77(1):63–77. Close , 42 Zimmer, K. J., and S. L. Hilty (1997). Avifauna of a locality in the upper Orinoco drainage of Amazonas, Venezuela. Studies in Neotropical Ornithology Honoring Ted Parker. Ornithological Monographs 48. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 865–885. Close ), and river islands (6 Snethlage, E. (1925). Neue Vogelarten aus Nord-Brasilen. Journal of Ornithology. 73(2): 264-274. Close , 73 Borges, S. H., F. Baccaro, M. Moreira, and E. L. Choueri (2019). Bird assemblages on Amazonian river islands: patterns of species diversity and composition. Biotropica 51(6):903–912. Close ). It is also reported from white-sand forests in southern Venezuela (3 Hilty, S. L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. Close , 43 Kvarnbäck, J. F., and C. Bosque (2017). An inventory of the birds of white-sand vegetation of the Guainía / Río Negro basin, Southern Amazonas State, Venezuela. BioLlania 15:533–560. Close ).

Altitudinally, it is mostly reported from locations below 700 m (2 Jaramillo, A., and P. Burke (1999). New World Blackbirds: The Icterids. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close , 4 Ridgely, R .S., and G. Tudor (2009). Field Guide to the Songbirds of South America: the Passerines. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, USA. Close ), but in some areas it ranges into humid submontane forest. Across its range it has been report up to 200 m in Venezuela (3 Hilty, S. L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. Close ); mostly below 300 m, but locally to 600 m in Ecuador (34 Ridgely, R. S. and P. J. Greenfield. (2001). The birds of Ecuador. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Close , 185 Freile, J., and R. Restall (2018). Birds of Ecuador. Bloomsbury, London, UK. Close ); in Peru mostly below 500 m, but locally up to 1000 m (105 Clements, J. F., and N. Shany (2001). A Field Guide to the Birds of Peru. Ibis Publishing Company, Temecula, California, USA, and Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Close , 187 Schulenberg, T. S., D. F. Stotz, D. F. Lane, J. P. O'Neill, and T. A. Parker III (2010). Birds of Peru. Revised edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. Close ); locally to 900 m (5 Fraga, R.M. and Kreft, S. (2007). Natural history and breeding behavior of the Olive (Psarocolius yuracares) and Yellow-billed (P. angustifrons alfredi) Oropendolas in the Chapare province, Bolivia. Orn. Neotropical 18(2): 251–261. Close ) or exceptionally, as high as 1200 m in Bolivia (2 Jaramillo, A., and P. Burke (1999). New World Blackbirds: The Icterids. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close ).

Despite the wide range of habitat types from whence this species is reported, the Olive Oropendola is generally considered to be a bird of more mature forests. As noted by Ridgely & Greenfield (34 Ridgely, R. S. and P. J. Greenfield. (2001). The birds of Ecuador. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Close ), it is frequently seen flying over nearly any Amazonian habitat type, but the widely sympatric Russet-backed Oropendola (Psarocolius angustifrons) seems to replace it for foraging and nesting in transitional, varzea, and river-edge forests (183 Hilty, S. L., and W. L. Brown (1986). A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. Close , 2 Jaramillo, A., and P. Burke (1999). New World Blackbirds: The Icterids. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close ).