Systematics

For such a drab, relatively unpatterned species, the three currently recognized subspecies of the Tawny Antpitta are fairly well defined. Krabbe and Schulenberg (6 Krabbe, N., and T. S. Schulenberg (2003). Family Formicariidae (ground-antbirds). In Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. A. Christie, Editors), Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 682–731. Close ) pointed out that the three taxa also differ vocally from each other (see Vocalizations) and may, in fact, represent three separate species, and del Hoyo and Collar (30 del Hoyo, J., and N. J. Collar (2016). HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Close ) enacted such a three-way split.

Reasonably marked (for such a generally poorly patterned species) in underparts pattern and color, and even more marked in vocalizations, especially loudsong (see Vocalizations). Greeney (8 Greeney, H. F. (2018). Antpittas and Gnateaters. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close ) also pointed out differences in First Basic (Juvenile) plumage between subspecies alticola and nominate quitensis.

Juvenile alticola are, in a general sense, similar to juvenile quitensis, but with some noticeable differences, particularly in the patterning of the crown. The forecrown is tawny olive with thin black shaft-streaks. The face is dark tawny with scattered dusky feathers creating a finely speckled appearance. The crown, hindcrown, nape, and upper back are blackish or dark gray and coarsely streaked (not spotted or barred as in quitensis) with tawny buff to pale buff. The back is now largely similar to adults, but often has a few scattered feathers with tawny-buff tips and subterminal black bars. The wings are similar to adults, except for the patterned tips of the greater secondary coverts. These rusty-buff or tawny-rufous tips, crossed by thin subterminal black bars, are similar in pattern to those of nominate quitensis, but are seemingly more rufous, less buff. Sample sizes of alticola, however, are small, and it is unclear how consistent this difference is. The chin and throat are clean white, with the remaining underparts overall much like those of adult alticola. Scattered feathers, especially across the lower breast, have dusky spots near the center, and the flanks have a slight grayish wash. The undertail coverts are buffy whitish, the uppertail coverts are warm orange tawny (less rusty than quitensis), and the tail is warm tawny brown with the tips of the rectrices edged pale tawny.

Three subspecies recognized here (31 Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2022). The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. Close ).

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EBIRD GROUP (MONOTYPIC)

Tawny Antpitta (Northern) Grallaria quitensis alticola Scientific name definitions

• eBird map
• 57 photos
• 17 recordings

Systematics History

Grallaria alticola Todd, 1919, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32:115.—Lagunillas, Boyacá, Colombia. (26 Todd, W. E. C. (1919). Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32:113–118. Close )

The holotype, an adult collected by Melbourne A. Carriker on 17 March 1917, is held at the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh (CM 59904) (26 Todd, W. E. C. (1919). Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32:113–118. Close , 32 Todd, W. E. C. (1928). List of types of birds in the collection of the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 18:335–364. Close ).

Distribution

East Andes of Colombia (northeast Santander south to Cundinamarca); for a full list of known localities, see Greeney (8 Greeney, H. F. (2018). Antpittas and Gnateaters. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close ).

Identification Summary

Krabbe and Schulenberg (6 Krabbe, N., and T. S. Schulenberg (2003). Family Formicariidae (ground-antbirds). In Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. A. Christie, Editors), Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 682–731. Close ) noted that alticola is smaller than nominate quitensis and has a smaller bill, is browner above, with the underparts “extensively mottled with white.” The white tips to the breast and belly feathers and overall more yellowish-orange underparts make alticola a particularly distinctive subspecies.

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EBIRD GROUP (MONOTYPIC)

Tawny Antpitta (Western) Grallaria quitensis quitensis Scientific name definitions

• eBird map
• 160 photos
• 72 recordings

Systematics History

Grallaria quitensis Lesson, 1844, L’Écho du Monde Savant 11, col. 848.—vicinity of Quito, Ecuador.

The whereabouts of Lesson’s type are currently unknown.

Several years after Lesson described G. quitensis, Grallaria monticola Lafresnaye, 1847, Revue Zoologique 11:68, was named, which, as pointed out by Hellmayr (33 Cory, C. B., and C. E. Hellmayr (1924). Catalogue of Birds of the Americas. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History (Zoological Series) 13(3):369. Close ), clearly is a junior synonym of quitensis. Prior to this, the name Grallaria monticola was rather widely used in the literature (34 Sclater, P. L. (1858). Synopsis of the American ant-birds (Formicariidae), Part III, containing the third subfamily Formicariinae, or ant-thrushes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 26:272–289. Close , 35 Sclater, P. L. (1890). Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Volume 15. Trustees of the British Museum, London, UK. Close , 36 Hartert, E. (1898). List of a collection of birds made in the Sula islands by William Doherty. Novitates Zoologicae 5:125–136. Close , 37 Salvadori, T., and E. Festa (1899). Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nell’Ecuador. Uccelli. Parte seconda – Passeres clamatores. Bollettino del Musei di zoologia ed anatomia comparata della R. Università di Torino 14(362):1–34. Close ). There appear to be two syntypes of Lafresnaye’s name, one (listed as the “type” by Stone [38 Stone, W. (1899). A study of the type specimens of birds in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with a brief history of the collection. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 51:5–62. Close ]) at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia (ANSP 8199), and the other (considered to be probably a “cotype” by Bangs [39 Bangs, O. (1930). Types of birds in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 70(4):145–426. Close ]) at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA (MCZ 76731). Both are believed to have been collected by Delatre, but the ANSP specimen is labeled “Ecuador” (i.e., perhaps concordant with Lesson’s bird), and that at MCZ is said to come from a high elevation in the Bolivian Andes, which matches Lafresnaye’s type description, although he also mentioned that Delatre had collected the species above Pasto, in what is now Colombia, although he thought it was in Peru! Bolivia, of course, lies far outside the known range of any taxon within the Grallaria quitensis complex, and, as a result, Hellmayr (33 Cory, C. B., and C. E. Hellmayr (1924). Catalogue of Birds of the Americas. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History (Zoological Series) 13(3):369. Close ) restricted the type locality to Pasto alone.

Distribution

Central Andes of Colombia (Caldas) south to extreme northern Peru (eastern Piura, northwest Cajamarca); for a full list of known localities, see Greeney (8 Greeney, H. F. (2018). Antpittas and Gnateaters. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close ).

Identification Summary

Described under Plumages.

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EBIRD GROUP (MONOTYPIC)

Tawny Antpitta (Southern) Grallaria quitensis atuensis Scientific name definitions

• eBird map
• 2 photos
• 2 recordings

Systematics History

Grallaria quitensis atuensis Carriker, 1933, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 85:22.—Atuén, 12,000 feet [3,660 m], Amazonas, Peru. (25 Carriker, M. A. (1933). Descriptions of new birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85:1–38. Close )

The holotype, an unsexed adult collected by Melbourne A. Carriker on 18 July 1932, is held at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia (ANSP 108127).

Distribution

Central Andes of northern Peru south of Río Marañón, in southern Amazonas and eastern La Libertad; for a full list of known localities, see Greeney (8 Greeney, H. F. (2018). Antpittas and Gnateaters. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close ).

Identification Summary

Krabbe and Schulenberg (6 Krabbe, N., and T. S. Schulenberg (2003). Family Formicariidae (ground-antbirds). In Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. A. Christie, Editors), Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 682–731. Close ) described atuensis as overall darker and “more distinctly mottled with white below.”

The taxon saltuensis, now treated as a species apart, Perija Antpitta (Grallaria saltuensis) , has been suggested to actually represent a subspecies of the Tawny Antpitta (6 Krabbe, N., and T. S. Schulenberg (2003). Family Formicariidae (ground-antbirds). In Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. A. Christie, Editors), Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 682–731. Close ). Based on general plumage and other morphological characteristics, the Tawny Antpitta falls within the subgenus Oropezus (40 Ridgway, R. (1909). New genera, species and subspecies of Formicariidae, Furnariidae, and Dendrocolaptidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 22:69–74. Close , 41 Lowery, G. H., and J. P. O'Neill (1969). A new species of antpitta from Peru and a revision of the subfamily Grallariinae. Auk 86(1):1–12. Close ). This group contains the Bicolored Antpitta (Grallaria rufocinerea), the Chestnut-naped Antpitta (Grallaria nuchalis), theWhite-throated Antpitta (Grallaria albigula), the Red-and-white Antpitta (Grallaria erythroleuca), the Rufous-faced Antpitta (Grallaria erythrotis), the White-bellied Antpitta (Grallaria hypoleuca), the Yellow-breasted Antpitta (Grallaria flavotincta), the Rusty-tinged Antpitta (Grallaria przewalskii), the Bay Antpitta (Grallaria capitalis), the Gray-naped Antpitta (Grallaria griseonucha), the ‘Rufous Antpitta’ G. rufula complex, the Cundinamarca Antpitta (Grallaria kaestneri), the Urrao Antpitta (Grallaria urraoensis), and the Brown-banded Antpitta (Grallaria milleri). Within this group, it seems likely that the Tawny Antpitta has a close relationship with the 'Rufous Antpitta' complex, but its precise phylogenetic affinities have not been examined in detail. In a molecular phylogeny by Harvey et al. (42 Harvey, M. G., G. A. Bravo, S. Claramunt, A. M. Cuervo, G. E. Derryberry, J. Battilana, G. F. Seeholzer, J. S. McKay, B. C. O'Meara, B. C. Faircloth, S. V. Edwards, J. Pérez-Emán, R. G. Moyle, F. H. Sheldon, A. Aleixo, B. T. Smith, R. T. Chesser, L. F. Silveira, J. Cracraft, R. T. Brumfield, and E. P. Derryberry (2020). The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot. Science 370:1343–1348. Close ), Tawny Antpitta is most closely related to a group of Grallaria containing White-bellied Antpitta, Rufous-faced Antpitta, Red-and-white Antpitta, Rusty-tinged Antpitta, and Bay Antpitta.

No records.

Usage of nomenclature by various authors, including synonyms, is as follows:

Grallaria quitensis alticola Todd, 1919

• Gral_quit – Sánchez-González et al. (43 Sánchez-González, L. A., J. J. Morrone and A. G. Navarro-Sigüenza (2008). Distributional patterns of the Neotropical humid montane forest avifaunas. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 94:175–194. Close ) [in part; in data matr.].
• Grallaria alticola – Todd (26 Todd, W. E. C. (1919). Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 32:113–118. Close ) [description], Todd (32 Todd, W. E. C. (1928). List of types of birds in the collection of the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 18:335–364. Close ), del Hoyo and Collar (30 del Hoyo, J., and N. J. Collar (2016). HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Close ), BirdLife International (44 BirdLife International (2017). Grallaria alticola (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T103660427A112315501 Available from https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103660427A112315501.en. Close ), del Hoyo et al. (45 del Hoyo, J., N. J. Collar and G. M. Kirwan (2017). Northern Tawny Antpitta (Grallaria alticola). In Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie and E. de Juana), Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. Available from http://www.hbw.com/node/1343616. Close ), BirdLife International (46 BirdLife International (2022). Species factsheet: Grallaria alticola. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 12 January 2022. Close ).
• Grallaria quitensis – Meyer de Schauensee (47 Meyer de Schauensee, R. (1966). The Species of Birds of South America and their Distribution. Livingston Publishing Company, Narbeth, PA, USA. Close ) [in part], Lowery and O’Neill (41 Lowery, G. H., and J. P. O'Neill (1969). A new species of antpitta from Peru and a revision of the subfamily Grallariinae. Auk 86(1):1–12. Close ) [in part], Meyer de Schauensee (48 Meyer de Schauensee, R. (1970). A Guide to Birds of South America. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Close ) [in part], Clements (49 Clements, J. F. (1974). Birds of the World, A Checklist. New York, NY, USA. Close )[in part], Morony et al. (50 Morony, J. J., W. J. Bock, and J. Farrand (1975). Reference List of the Birds of the World. American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. Close )[in part], Gruson and Forster (51 Gruson, E. S. (1976). A Checklist of the Birds of the World. Collins, London, UK. Close )[in part], Walters (52 Walters, M. (1980). The Complete Birds of the World. David & Charles, Newton Abbot, UK. Close )[in part], Clements (53 Clements, J. F. (1981). Birds of the World: A Checklist. Third edition. Croom Helm, London, UK. Close )[in part], Meyer de Schauensee (54 Meyer de Schauensee, R. (1982). A Guide to the Birds of South America. Livingston Publishing Company, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA. Close ) [in part], Hilty and Brown (55 Hilty, S. L., and W. L. Brown (1983). Range extensions of Colombian birds as indicated by the M. A. Carriker Jr. collection at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 103(1):5–17. Close ), Altman and Swift (56 Altman, A., and B. Swift (1986). Checklist of the Birds of South America. First Edition. Published privately, Great Barrington, MA, USA. Close )[in part], Hilty and Brown (24 Hilty, S. L., and W. L. Brown (1986). A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. 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Swift (1993). Checklist of the Birds of South America. Third Edition. Published privately, Great Barrington, MA, USA. Close ) [in part], Monroe and Sibley (64 Monroe, B. L., and C. G. Sibley (1993). A World Checklist of Birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, USA. Close ) [in part], Parker et al. (65 Parker, T. A., D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick (1996). Ecological and distributional databases. In Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation (D. F. Stotz, T. A. Parker, J. W. Fitzpatrick, and D. K. Moskovits, Editors), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA. pp. 113‒436. Close )[in part], Parker et al. (66 Parker, T. A., III, D. F. Stotz, and J. W. Fitzpatrick (1996). Database B: Distribution of neotropical bird species by country. In Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation (D. F. Stotz, J. W. Fitzpatrick, T. A. Parker III, and D. K. Moskovitz, Editors), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA. pp. 292–377. Close )[in part], Stotz et al. (67 Stotz, D. F., J. W. 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Lista de chequeo de las aves de Colombia: Una síntesis del estado del conocimiento desde Hilty & Brown (1986). Ornitología Colombiana 16:eA01-1. Close ) [in part], Xiao et al. (77 Xiao, H., Y. Hu, Z. Lang, B. Fang, W. Guo, Q. Zhang, X. Pan, and X. Lu (2017). How much do we know about the breeding biology of bird species in the world? Journal of Avian Biology 48:513–518. Close ) [in part], Montoya et al. (29 Montoya, P., M. A. Gonzalez, E. A. Tenorio, J. P. López-Ordóñez, A. P. Gómez, D. Cueva, A. A. A. Rincón, C. A. Yanes, H. M. A. Martínez, O. Armesto, J. S. Betancur, A. C. Castro, J. J. C. Leyton, E. V. Calpa-Anaguano, G. Cárdenas-Posada, M. C. Díaz, S. Chaparro-Herrera, N. Diago-Muñoz, L. F. Espinosa, L. G. G. Bernal, F. L. Gonzalez-Zapata, E. A. G. Zamora, A. M. Gutiérrez-Zuluaga, R. S. L. Jiménez, A. Lopera-Salazar, D. M. Alvarado, A. M. M. Girón, W. Medina, C. Montealegre-Talero, J. L. Parra, S. Pérez-Peña, F. R. Ramírez, J. Reyes, H. F. Rivera-Gutiérrez, Y. R. Mora, C. M. 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• Grallaria quitensis alticola – Cory and Hellmayr (79 Cory, C. B., and C. E. Hellmayr (1924). Catalogue of Birds of the Americas and the Adjacent Islands in Field Museum of Natural History. Zoological Series. Volume 13. Part 3. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA. Close ), Carriker (25 Carriker, M. A. (1933). Descriptions of new birds from Peru, with notes on other little-known species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 85:1–38. Close ), Meyer de Schauensee (80 Meyer de Schauensee, R. (1950). The birds of the Republic of Colombia. Part 3. Caldasia 5:645–873. Close ), Peters (81 Peters, J. L. (1951). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 7. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA, USA. Close ), Meyer de Schauensee (82 Meyer de Schauensee, R. (1964). The Birds of Colombia and Adjacent Areas of South and Central America. Livingston Publishing Company, Narberth, PA, USA. Close ), Olivares (83 Olivares, A. (1967). 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Checklist of the Birds of Northern South America. An Annotated Checklist of the Species and Subspecies of Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. Pica Press, Robertsbridge, UK. Close ), Dickinson (91 Dickinson, E. C. (2003). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA and London, UK. Close ), Krabbe and Schulenberg (6 Krabbe, N., and T. S. Schulenberg (2003). Family Formicariidae (ground-antbirds). In Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. A. Christie, Editors), Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 682–731. Close ), Restall et al. (20 Restall, R. L., C. Rodner, and M. Lentino (2006). Birds of Northern South America. An Identification Guide. Volume 1. Species accounts. Volume 2. Plates and Maps. Christopher Helm, London, UK. Close ), Clements (92 Clements, J. F. (2007). The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, USA. Close ), Salaman et al. (93 Salaman, P., T. Donegan, and D. Caro (2009). Checklist to the birds of Colombia 2009. Conservación Colombiana 8:1–79. Close ) [in part], Gill and Donsker (94 Gill, F. and D. Donsker (2012). IOC World Bird Names. Version 3.2. International Ornithological Committee, International Union of Biological Sciences, Paris, France. Close ), Greeney (7 Greeney, H. F. (2015e). Tawny Antpitta (Grallaria quitensis). In Neotropical Birds Online (Schulenberg, T. S.), Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. Close ), Winger et al. (95 Winger, B. M., P. A. Hosner, G. A. Bravo, A. M. Cuervo, N. Aristizábal, L. E. Cueto, and J. M. Bates (2015). Inferring speciation history in the Andes with reduced-representation sequence data: an example in the bay-backed antpittas (Aves; Grallariidae; Grallaria hypoleuca s. l.). Molecular Ecology 24(4):6256–6277. Close ), Boesman (96 Boesman, P. (2016). 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Grallaria quitensis quitensis Lesson, 1844

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Grallaria quitensis atuensis Carriker, 1933

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Nothing known.