Vermilion Cardinal Cardinalis phoeniceus Scientific name definitions

Adriana Rodríguez-Ferraro
Version: 2.0 — Published February 23, 2024

References

Literature Cited

  • 1. Meyer de Schauensee, R., and W. H. Phelps (1978). A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA.
  • 2. Hilty, S. L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA.
  • 3. Restall, R., C. Rodner, and M. Lentino (2006). Birds of Northern South America. Volume 1: Species Accounts. Christopher Helm, London, UK.
  • 4. Hellmayr, C. E. (1935). Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History (Zoological Series) 13(8):1–541. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2771100#page/11/mode/1up
  • 5. Hilty, S. L., and W. L. Brown (1986). A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA.
  • 6. Orenstein, R. I., and D. Brewer (2011). Family Cardinalidae (cardinals). In Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 16 (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott and D. A. Christie, Editors), Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 330–427.
  • 7. Hilty, S. L. (2021). Birds of Colombia. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
  • 8. Pyle, P. (2022). Identification Guide to North American Birds. Part I, Second Edition. Slate Creek Press, Forest Knolls, CA, USA. http://slatecreekpress.com
  • 9. Sutton, G. M. (1935). The juvenal plumage and postjuvenal molt in several species of Michigan sparrows. Cranbrook Institute of Science Bulletin 3. Bloomfield Hills, MI, USA.
  • 10. Thompson, C. W., and M. Leu (1994). Determining homology of molts and plumages to address evolutionary questions: A rejoinder regarding emberizid finches. Condor 96:769–782.
  • 11. Kinser, G. W. (1973). Ecology and behavior of the Cardinal, Richmondena cardinalis (L), in southern Indiana. Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
  • 12. Hudon, J. (1990). Unusual carotenoid use by the Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) and its evolutionary implications. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69:2311–2320.
  • 13. McGraw, K. J., G. E. Hill, and R. S. Parker (2003). Carotenoid pigments in a mutant Cardinal: implications for the genetic and enzymatic control mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism in birds. Condor 105:587–592.
  • 14. McGraw, K. J., G. E. Hill, R. Stradi, and R. S. Parker (2001). The influence of carotenoid acquisition and utilization on the maintenance of species-typical plumage pigmentation in male American Goldfinches (Carduelis tristis) and Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 74(6):843–852.
  • 15. McGraw, K. J., and G. E. Hill (2001). Carotenoid access and intraspecific variation in plumage pigmentation in male American Goldfinches (Carduelis tristis) and Northern Cardinals (Cardinals cardinalis). Functional Ecology 15(6):732–739.
  • 16. Linville, S. U. (1997). Sexual selection and plumage ornamentation in a socially monogamous passerine, the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
  • 17. Wolfenbarger, L. L. (1999). Red coloration of male northern cardinals correlates with mate quality and territory quality. Behavioral Ecology 10:80–90.
  • 18. Wolfenbarger, L. L. (1999). Is red coloration of male Northern Cardinals beneficial during the nonbreeding season?: a test of status signaling. Condor 101(3):655–663.
  • 19. Wolfenbarger, L. L. (1999). Female mate choice in Northern Cardinals: Is there a preference for redder males? Wilson Bulletin 111(1):76–83.
  • 20. Humphrey, P. S., and K. C. Parkes (1959). An approach to the study of molts and plumages. The Auk 76(1):1–31. https://doi.org/10.2307/4081839
  • 21. Howell, S. N. G., C. Corben, P. Pyle, and D. I. Rogers (2003). The first basic problem: a review of molt and plumage homologies. Condor 105:635–653. https://doi.org/10.1650/7225
  • 22. Pyle, P., S. N. G. Howell, D. I. Rogers, and C. Corben (2024). Moult terminology: envisioning an evolutionary approach. Journal of Avian Biology 2024:e03169. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03169
  • 23. Howell, S. N. G. (2010). Peterson Reference Guide to Molt in North American Birds. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  • 24. Pyle, P. (1997). Identification Guide to North American Birds. Part I. Slate Creek Press, Bolinas, CA, USA.
  • 25. Guallar, S., R. Rueda-Hernández, and P. Pyle (2020). Preformative molt in Neotropical Cardinalidae. Ornithology Research 28:250–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43388-020-00024-z
  • 26. Wiseman, A. J. (1977). Interrelation of variables in postjuvenal molt of Cardinals. Bird-Banding 48:206–223.
  • 27. Bonaparte, C. L. (1838). Description of new or interesting birds from South America and Mexico. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1837(5):108–122.
  • 28. Hartert, E. (1919). Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection. Novitates Zoologicae 26:123–178. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/24180#page/139/mode/1up
  • 29. LeCroy, M. (2012). Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 10, Passeriformes: Emberizidae, Emberizinae, Catamblyrhynchinae, Cardinalinae, Thraupinae, and Tersininae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 368:1–125.
  • 30. Sharpe, R. B. (1888). Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Volume 12. Fringilliformes. Part III, containing the family Fringillidae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, UK.
  • 31. Warren, R. L. M., and C. J. O. Harrison (1971). Type-specimens of Birds in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume 2. Passerines. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13382522
  • 32. Stone, W. (1899). A study of the type specimens of birds in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with a brief history of the collection. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 51:5–62. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26299765
  • 33. Richmond, C. W. (1895). Descriptions of three new birds from the island of Margarita, Venezuela. Auk 12:367–371.
  • 34. Deignan, H. G. (1961). Type specimens of birds in the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 221:1–718. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7631797
  • 35. American Ornithologists' Union (1931) Check-list of North American Birds. Fourth edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Lancaster, PA, USA. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5824061
  • 36. Pinto, O. M. O. (1944). Catálogo das Aves do Brasil. 2a parte. Publicação do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Indústria e Comercio, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • 37. Phelps, W. H., and W. H. Phelps Jr. (1950). Lista de las aves de Venezuela con su distributión. Part 2. Passeriformes. Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 12(75):1–427.
  • 38. Meyer de Schauensee, R. (1951). The birds of the Republic of Colombia. Part IV. Caldasia 5:873–1112.
  • 39. American Ornithologists' Union (1957). Check-list of North American Birds. Fifth edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC, USA.
  • 40. Gould, P. J. (1961). Territorial relationships between Cardinals and Pyrrhuloxias. Condor 63: 246–265.
  • 41. Bock, W. J. (1964). Bill shape as a genetic characteristic in the cardinals. Wilson Bulletin 76(1):50–61. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v076n01/p0050-p0061.pdf
  • 42. Mayr, E., J. T. Marshall, and R. K. Selander (1964). Cardinalis Bonaparte, 1838 (Aves); proposed validation under the Plenary Powers. Z.N.(S.) 1608. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 21:133–136. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28477
  • 43. Paynter, R. A., and R. W. Storer (1970). Check-list of Birds of the World: A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Volume 13. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • 44. Rodríguez-Ferraro, A. (2008). Community ecology and phylogeography of bird assemblages in arid zones of northern Venezuela: implications for the conservation of restricted-range birds. PhD thesis, University of Missouri, Saint Louis, MI, USA.
  • 45. Meyer de Schauensee, R. (1966). The Species of Birds of South America and their Distribution. Livingston Publishing Company, Narbeth, Pennsylvania, USA.
  • 46. Hellack, J. J., and G. D. Schnell (1977). Phenetic analysis of the subfamily Cardinalinae using external and skeletal characteristics. Wilson Bulletin 89:130–148. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v089n01/p0130-p0148.pdf
  • 47. Yuri, T., and D. P. Mindell (2002). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, “New World nine-primaried oscines” (Aves: Passeriformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23:229–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00012-X
  • 48. Klicka, J., K. Burns, and G. M. Spellman (2007). Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: a molecular perspective. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45:1014–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.006
  • 49. Barker, F. K., K. J. Burns, J. Klicka, S. M. Lanyon, and I. J. Lovette (2015). New insights into New World biogeography: an integrated view from the phylogeny of blackbirds, cardinals, sparrows, tanagers, warblers, and allies. Auk 132:333–348. https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-110.1
  • 50. Barros Guerra, M. J. (2021). Conservación del Cardenal Guajiro, una unidad didáctica basada en la motivación para el aprendizaje profundo. M. E. thesis, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Riohacha, Colombia.
  • 51. Jobling, J. A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. A. & C. Black, London, UK.
  • 52. Ridgely, R. S., and G. Tudor (1989). The Birds of South America. Volume 1: The Oscine Passerines. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, USA.
  • 53. Renjifo, L. M., A. M. Amaya-Villarreal, J. Burbano-Girón, and J. Velásquez-Tibatá (2016). Libro rojo de aves de Colombia, Volumen II: Ecosistemas abiertos, secos, insulares, acuáticos continentales, marinos, tierras altas del Darién y Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta y bosques húmedos del centro, norte y oriente del país. Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana e Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia.
  • 54. Bosque, C. (1984). Structure and diversity of arid zone bird communities in Venezuela. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
  • 55. Poulin, B., G. Lefebvre and R. McNeil (1994) Diets of land birds from northeastern Venezuela. Condor 96: 354-367. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/v096n02/p0354-p0367.pdf
  • 56. Poulin, B., Lefebvre, G. and McNeil, R. (1994). Characteristics of feeding guilds and variation in diets of bird species of three adjacent tropical sites. Biotropica. 26(2): 187-197.
  • 57. Silvius, K. M. (1995). Avian consumers of Cardon fruits (Stenocereus griseus: Cactacea) on Margarita Island, Venezuela. Biotropica 27(1):96-105.
  • 58. Ridgely R. S., and G. Tudor (1989) The Birds of South America: the Oscine Passerines. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, USA
  • 59. Rodríguez-Ferraro, A. and Trujillo, A. (2004). Observaciones de la biología reproductiva del Cardenal Coriano (Cardinalis phoeniceus) en la Isla de Margarita, Venezuela. Orn. Neotropical 15: 253-256. In Spanish.
  • 60. Stott, Jr., K. (1948). Notes on the longevity of captive birds. Auk 65:402-405.
  • 61. Belo, N. O., A. Rodríguez-Ferraro, E. M. Braga and R. E. Ricklefs (2012). Diversity of avian haemosporidians in arid zones of northern Venezuela. Parasitology 139:1021-1028. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118201200039X
  • 62. García-Amado, M. A., V. Sanz, L. M. Martínez, M. Contreras, M. Lentino, and F. Michelangeli (2013). Low occurrence of Helicobacter DNA in tropical wild birds, Venezuela. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49(4):991-995.
  • 63. BirdLife International (2024). Species factsheet: Cardinalis phoeniceus. http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/vermilion-cardinal-cardinalis-phoeniceus https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/vermilion-cardinal-cardinalis-phoeniceus
  • 64. Rodríguez-Ferraro, A. and Blake, J.G. (2008). Diversity patterns of bird assemblages in arid zones of northern Venezuela. Condor 110(3): 405-420.
  • 65. Arteta B., R., and L. Lázaro M. (2014). Avifauna de bosque seco subtropical presente en ocho localidades de la Media Guajira Colombiana. Boletín Científico del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Caldas 19(1):125-137.
  • 66. Castro Vásquez, L. D. (2016). Perturbación ambiental analizada por medio de bioindicadores en un fragmento de Bosque Seco Tropical (Bs-T) localizado en el área perimetral del Aeropuerto Jorge Isaacs (Albania, La Guajira, Colombia). M. S. thesis, Universidad de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia.
  • 67. Stattersfield, A. J., M. J. Crosby, A. J. Long, and D. C. Wege (1998). Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. BirdLife Conservation Series 7. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
  • 68. Cova, M. and A. Prieto (2015). Indice de valor de uso de la fauna silvestre en comunidades de la Península de Araya, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Conocimiento Libre y Licenciamiento (CLIC): 11(6):93-102.
  • 69. Dugand, A. (1948). Notas ornitológicas colombianas, IV. Caldasia. 5(21): 157-199.
  • 70. Castaño, G. J. (2000). Evaluación de la avifauna asociada a los humedales costeros del Sector 1 de la Guajira. Informe Final. CORPOGUAJIRA-RICERCA E COOPERAZIONE. Medellín, Colombia.
  • 71. Marín-Espinoza, G., S. Guevara-Vallera, A. Prieto-Arcas, J. Muñoz-Gil, and Y. Carvajal-Moreno (2011). Comercialización ilegal de aves silvestres: un caso en Venezuela. The Biologist 9(1):38-52.
  • 72. Flores, M. A. (2016). Dinámica de la reserva de fauna silvestre Hueque-Sauca, municipio Píritu, Estado Falcón. Terra Nueva Etapa XXXII(52):103-137.
  • 73. Lentino, M., and D. Esclasans (2005). Áreas Importantes para la Conservación de las Aves en Venezuela. In Áreas Importantes para la Conservación de las Aves en los Andes Tropicales (K. A. Boyla and A. Estrada, Editors), Serie de Conservación de BirdLife, No. 14. BirdLife International and Conservation International, Quito, Ecuador. pp. 621–730.
  • 74. Morales Rozo, A. (2006). Monitoreo de aves migratorias y residentes en siete humedales de La Guajira. Informe Final. Corpoguajira-Conservación Internacional. Bogotá, Colombia.
  • 75. Corpoguajira (2017). Implementar estrategias de conservacion en especies de fauna con enfoque en ecosistemas en los municipios de Riohacha, San Juan del Cesar, Maicao, y Manaue en La Guajira. Reporte Corpoguajira, Riohacha, Colombia.

Recommended Citation

Rodríguez-Ferraro, A. (2024). Vermilion Cardinal (Cardinalis phoeniceus), version 2.0. In Birds of the World (F. Medrano and B. K. Keeney, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.vercar1.02
Birds of the World

Partnerships

A global alliance of nature organizations working to document the natural history of all bird species at an unprecedented scale.