White-throated Hawk Buteo albigula Scientific name definitions

Tomás Rivas-Fuenzalida, Santiago Castrilli, Jorge Toledo, Ricardo Figueroa, and Peter Pyle
Version: 3.0 — Published April 5, 2024

Photos from this Account

White-throated Hawk.
White-throated Hawk.
White-throated Hawk.
Possible confusion species: Short-tailed Hawk (Buteo brachyurus).

Short-tailed Hawk (subspecies brachyurus) is darker above and lighter below, with broad wings and shorter tail.

Possible confusion species: Short-tailed Hawk (Buteo brachyurus).

Short-tailed Hawk (subspecies brachyurus) showing dark upperparts.

White-throated Hawk.
Possible confusion species: Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus).

Broad-winged Hawk (subspecies platypterus) has darker banded and marked wings and tail, with darker chest and throat in adults and lighter flanks in juveniles.

Possible confusion species: Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus).

Broad-winged Hawk (subspecies platypterus) showing banded tail.

White-throated Hawk.
Possible confusion species: Variable Hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma).

Variable Hawk (subspecies polyosoma) has a larger body size, longer wings, and a comparatively shorter tail, with an ashy-gray coloration above, and juvenile has an intricate pattern of chestnut-rhomboid spots on the belly and flanks.

Possible confusion species: Variable Hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma).

Juvenile Variable Hawk (subspecies polyosoma) showing the intricate pattern of chestnut-rhomboid spots on the belly and flanks.

White-throated Hawk.
Possible confusion species: Rufous-tailed Hawk (Buteo ventralis).

Rufous-tailed Hawk is much larger and has a noticeable dark patagial bar along the leading edge of the underwing.

Possible confusion species: Rufous-tailed Hawk (Buteo ventralis).

Rufous-tailed Hawk showing the dark patagial bar along the leading edge of the underwing.

Juvenile White-throated Hawk

The underparts are creamy to whitish with dark-brown streaks that become wider on the sides and flanks. Note also the patterning to the sides of the head and narrow rectrices with dark bands that are less distinct on the underside than the upperside of the tail. Note the brown upperpart feathers and underwing coverts with cinnamon fringing and exposed white bases forming mottled appearance. The sides of the head are patterned, including a pale whitish supercilium, pale cinnamon-brown auriculars indistinctly streaked dark, and darker subauricular stripes separating auriculars from the white throat.

Juvenile White-throated Hawk
Juvenile White-throated Hawk

The remiges and rectrices are pale cream with numerous distinct dark bars, the outer primaries with duskier tips. Rectrices are narrower and more rounded than those of later generations; remiges are uniform in wear. Note the narrow sparse streaking to the underparts that becomes wider on the sides and flanks.

Juvenile White-throated Hawk
Formative White-throated Hawk

Formative Plumage resembles Juvenile Plumage but with scattered body feathers replaced. The darker (brownish-black) crown upperpart feathers on this bird appear to be formative.

Formative White-throated Hawk

Note that the flight feathers are juvenile and yet to commence molt, indicating that he darker and more rounded streaks to the underparts indicate formative feathering. The pale brownish olive iris is also typical of first-year birds.

Formative White-throated Hawk, commencing Second Prebasic Molt

Inner primaries are new or growing and shoe basic features, contrasting with the remaining juvenile remiges, indicating commencement of the Second Prebasic Molt. The rectrices are still juvenile. The cleaner underparts with sparse rounded spots indicates formative feathering.

Second Basic White-throated Hawk
Second Basic White-throated Hawk

Outer primaries and rectrices are broad and truncated at the tips, indicating basic feathers, but some characters of Juvenile Plumage can be seen, including exposed white bases to larger back feathers and white mottling to the auriculars.

Second Basic White-throated Hawk
Definitive Basic White-throated Hawk

Crown and auriculars are solidly dark brown with a rufous collar across the hindcrown and nape. The rectrices are broad and dusky with indistinct blackish band, the subtrminal band the widest. The femoral feathers are cinnamon with distinct reddish bars. The throat is snowy white, contrasting starkly with the dark brown auriculars.

Definitive Basic White-throated Hawk

The underparts are white with tear-dropped shaped reddish-brown streaks forming a diffuse band across the abdomen and large brown to rufous patches on the sides and flanks, visible in flight and when perched. Primaries and secondaries are broad and grayish, with darker tips, and less distinct barring basally than in juvenile feathers.

Definitive Basic White-throated Hawk

Upperparts are dark brown with paler cinnamon to whitish fringing to the scapulars and larger upperwing coverts. The auriculars are uniformly solid brown in color, contrasting starkly with the white throat. Rectrices are broad with indistinct blackish bands and outer primaries are dusky, broader at the tips than juvenile feathers, and can show molt clines toward fresher outer feathers. Note also the dark reddish-brown iris, characteristic of adults.

Definitive Basic White-throated Hawk

Following complete prebasic molts, primaires can show a "molt cline" from more-worn p1 to fresher p10, as shown in this bird (the right p2 has been replaced again, perhaps accidentally). Secondaries show clines from more won s1 to fresher s4 and more-worn s5 to fresher s9 or s10. The outer secondary (s1) is newer and contrasts with the more-worn inner primary (p1).

Definitive Basic White-throated Hawk

Staffelmauser patterns can occur among the primaries. Here p1 is growing and there are "sets" (from more worn inner to fresher outer primaries) at p2-p4 and p5-p10.

Definitive Basic White-throated Hawk

Here Staffelmauser sets occur at p1-p2, p3-p6, and p7-p10. The much older p7 indicates that it has been two or more years since this feather was last replaced.

Adult dorsal view showing head detail.
Bird foraging in its breeding habitat; Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile.
Bird perched on a tree; Ñuble, Chile.
Bird in its breeding habitat; Los Lagos, Chile.
Bird in its nonbreeding habitat; Risaralda, Colombia.
Bird foraging in its nonbreeding habitat; Loja, Ecuador.
Bird foraging in its nonbreeding habitat; Arequipa, Peru.
White-throated Hawks migrating.
Bird perched; attacks from a perch could be more common than observed, since it usually uses this method on cloudy or rainy days.
Pair mating.
Pair mating; October, Valparaíso, Chile.

Macaulay Library Photos for White-throated Hawk

Top-rated photos submitted to the Macaulay Library via eBird. Note: Our content editors have not confirmed the species identification for these photos.

Recommended Citation

Rivas-Fuenzalida, T., S. Castrilli, J. Toledo, R. Figueroa, and P. Pyle (2024). White-throated Hawk (Buteo albigula), version 3.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman and F. Medrano, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whthaw1.03
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